Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) for Built Heritage Enhancement

Abstract

The latest developments in the field of generative modeling and building information modeling for heritage building (HBIM) have allowed the authors to increase the level of transmissibility of information through the most modern techniques of virtual and augmented reality (VR-AR). This chapter summarises the last years of applied research in the field of three-dimensional modeling oriented to digitise and correctly represent the built heritage thanks to the integration of the most modern three-dimensional survey techniques with a scan-to-BIM process based on new grades of generation (GOG) and accuracy (GOA). The new paradigm of the complexity of the built heritage, its tangible and intangible values, have been shared through new immersive ways able to increase the information contents and the knowledge accumulated in the last years of one of the most representative and unique buildings of the Lombard architecture: the Cà Granda in Milan.

Modeling the Fourth Dimension of Architectural Heritage: Enabling Processes for a Sustainable Conservation

“…For this reason, the most recent techniques for developing virtual environments will be investigated. There are some studies [27] that have been developed on immersive and virtual experiences in models coming from the BIM environment, but weak points are already agreed on, such as the level of interoperability between the HBIM model and new levels of built heritage virtualization. The first challenge will be to conserve the data enrichment and the semantics and hierarchical levels of information achieved in the HBIM environment and to create effective and usable virtual experiences also for the general public.…”

“…In recent years, to avoid such complexity being compromised in the HBIM environment, numerous researches faced the challenge of modeling the uniqueness of historical architectures using parametric software with mostly predefined functionalities [14]. As the literature on the topic points out [15][16][17], some of these researches dealt with time optimization thanks to ScanToBIM processes [18][19][20], knowledge modeling through suitable ontologies [21][22][23], ad hoc libraries by introducing customized parameters for cultural heritage [1], reliable interfaces for connecting HBIM with other databases to be queried [24,25], and also unconventional forms of storytelling [26,27].…”

From the Digital Twin of Architectural Heritage to the Definition of the Constraint Maps. The Case Study of the Castello Sforzesco in Milan

“…When working with architectural cultural heritage, it is often not easy to interpret information and historical documents, due to the complexity of the structures and the peculiar articulation of spaces. The use of a 3D object tries to overcome this hurdle, facilitating the understanding of spatial dynamics (Banfi and Oreni, 2020). Precisely for this reason, the formulation of constraint maps starts from three-dimensional modeling.…”

“…The structure has three Levels of Geometric Information (LOGI) into which the available sources are divided and according to which the various elements of the building are modeled. The definition of the three levels takes its cue from the LODs associated with BIM processes (BIMForum, 2018;Alshorafa and Ergen, 2021) and other research work that has developed a similar classification for digital models (Banfi, 2020). The design of ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume X-M-1-2023 29th CIPA Symposium "Documenting, Understanding, Preserving Cultural Heritage: Humanities and Digital Technologies for Shaping the Future", 25-30 June 2023, Florence, Italy this type of 3D model involves the coexistence of objects at different LOGI.…”

Knowledge Modeling for Heritage Conservation Process: From Survey to Hbim Implementation

“…Nowadays, a significant literature has been produced documenting the state of the art on this subject (Logothetis et al, 2015;Dore, Murphy, 2017): existing and ongoing studies prove the need to make this technology perfectible by updating and adapting it to the features of built heritage in order to meet specific programmatic objectives. Over the years, some research projects have been focused on optimizing modeling times (Biagini et al, 2016), integrating data from laser scanner survey into BIM also by the creation of parametric objects directly from the 3D point cloud, on defining the most suitable levels of accuracy of the parametric model and characterizing it with data related to materials, construction techniques and stratigraphy (Garagnani, Manferdini, 2013;Spallone et al, 2016;Malinverni et al, 2019), on testing the possibilities for a new storytelling (Di Giulio et al, 2019;Banfi, Oreni, 2020) and, last but not least, on building adequate forms of semantic enrichment both on an architectural and urban scale through the use of ontologies and geographic information systems (Quattrini et al, 2017;Chiabrando et al, 2018;Acierno, Fiorani, 2019;Simeone et al, 2019). Compared to the aim of this paper, the most interesting researches are those which have tried to overcome the idea of HBIM as a simple repository of complex data, conceiving it rather as «a hub for supporting integrated documentation of heritage artefacts» (Simeon et al, 2019).…”