Viruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Focus on the Enteroviruses

Hober, Didier; Sané, Famara; Riedweg, Karena; Moumna, Ilham; Goffard, Anne; Choteau, Laura; Alidjinou, Enagnon Kazali; Desailloud, Rachel

doi:10.5772/52087

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…This study revealed that CVB4-IgM and CVB4 RNA were significantly associated with T1D (p = 0.0002 and 0.0004, respectively). This finding is consistent with that in the literatures (Salminen et al, 2003;Al-Suhail et al, 2003;Graves et al, 2003;Coppieters et al, 2012;Hober et al, 2013;) Detection of IgM and RNA define the infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Relation of Coxsackie B3 and B4 Viral Infections for Development of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: A Case-Control Study

Bilal

AL-Zobaei

Al-Ani

2019

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiolo

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Background: Human Type 1 diabetes (T1D), previously called Juvenileonset diabetes is one of the most common chronic, multifactorial diseases of autoimmune origin with a strong genetic component, affecting about 542 000 children in the world and represents about 5-10% of all cases of diabetes. Human enteroviruses (HEVs), particularly Coxsackie B viruses (CVBs), might trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Objectives: Find out any relation between the Coxsackie virus type B3 & B4 infections in addition to GAD65 autoantibodies and the development of T1DM Patients and Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted and sixty cases and 120 controls were enrolled in the study.Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELIZA) technique was used to detect IgM and IgG in serum against the Coxsackie B3 , B4 and GAD65 (Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65) autoantibodies of both cases and controls. Qualitative detection of the RNA of the Coxsackie B3 & B4 viruses in the cases and controls by the conventional PCR method using suitable primers in both cases and control. Molecular detection of the CB3 and CB4 RNA was done using according to the manufacturers' instruction. Results:The following risk factors were found to be independently associated with illness, it were significantly associated with illness and at higher risk of T1DM : CB4 IgM Positivity (OR 47 [95% = 6.1-364.1], p = 0.0002).), CB4 RNA Positive (OR 39.6 [95%CI= 5.1-309], p = 0.0004 IgG Antibodies against both CVB3 and GAD65 (OR 32.9 [95%CI = 4.2-258.7], p = 0.0009). , GAD65 IgG Positivity (OR 11.8 [95% CI = 4.4-31.2], p = 0.001).and IgM Antibodies against both CB4 andGAD65 (OR 8.8 [95%CI = 2.7-28.2], p = 0.0002). other risk factors like CB3 IgM Positivity (OR 1.7 [95%CI = 0.6-4.5] p= 0.2),CB3 IgG Positivity((OR 1.3 [95%CI = 0.7-2.4], p=0.3).CB4 IgG Positivity(OR 2.1 [95%CI = 0.9-44], p = 0.06) and IgM-Antibodies against both CB3andGAD65 ((OR 1.3 [95%CI = 0.3-5.0], p = 0.6) with a moderately increased risk of illness, but these were not statistically significant. CB3 RNA Positive (OR 0.8 [95%CI= 0.3-1.9] p = 0.6), GAD65 IgM Positivity (OR 0.7 [95%CI = 0.4-1.5], p = 0.7), IgG Antibodies against both CB4-GAD65 (OR 0.9 [95%CI = 2.9-8.8], p = 0.05) was not associated with illness as these were not statistically significant with the decreased risk of illness and has protective role against infection with T1D. Conclusions: We propose that children aged less than 17 years are at risk of T1D infection if exposure to CB4 whereas CB3 has protective role.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…(Atkinson et al, 2014) Literature shows the involvement of enteroviruses in development and/or accelerating of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) (Coppieters et al, 2012). Recently, a high-frequency immune response for different coxsackie B virus (enteroviruses) serotypes were reported among newly diagnosed T1D (Hober et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Coxsackie B3 and B4 Viral Infections for Development of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: A Case-Control Study

Bilal

AL-Zobaei

Al-Ani

2019

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiolo

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“…Finally, these cleavages lead to production of 11 structural and nonstructural proteins including VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D. 45 2A and 3C are cysteine proteases, belonging to the chymotrypsin-related endopeptidase protease family. 46 The protein sequence alignments of 2A and 3C show only~20% similarity, but they have similar tertiary structures.…”

Section: A and 3c Proteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on enterovirus 71 infection and interferon type I response

Rasti

Khanbabaei

Teimoori

2018

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Enteroviruses are members of Pichornaviridae family consisting of human enterovirus group A, B, C, and D as well as nonhuman enteroviruses. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious disease which is usually seen in the Asia‐Pacific region in children. Enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 are two important viruses responsible for HFMD which are members of group A enterovirus. IFN α and β are two cytokines, which have a major activity in the innate immune system against viral infections. Most of the viruses have some weapons against these cytokines. EV71 has two main proteases called 2A and 3C, which are important for polyprotein processing and virus maturation. Several studies have indicated that they have a significant effect on different cellular pathways such as interferon production and signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the latest findings about the interaction of 2A and 3C protease of EV71 and IFN production/signaling pathway and their inhibitory effects on this pathway.

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“…Outcomes and the suggested mechanisms of beta cell destruction/protection after infection of different mouse models despite the localization of IFN-a with prototypes CVB4-JVB or CVB4-E2 have been discussed previously [23][24][25]. Most of the published literature related to CVB mouse infections involves the i.p.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The mouse-CVB models and induction of T1D have been reviewed by different authors [22][23][24][25][26]. Outcomes and the suggested mechanisms of beta cell destruction/protection after infection of different mouse models despite the localization of IFN-a with prototypes CVB4-JVB or CVB4-E2 have been discussed previously [23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pathophysiology of the pancreas after oral infection of genetically diverse mice with coxsackievirus B4-E2

et al. 2014

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Coxsackievirus B4 strain E2 (CVB4-E2) and its association with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been studied in experimental in vitro and in vivo murine models. CVB4-E2, known to be pancreotropic and diabetogenic in nature, is associated with acute pancreatitis in mice but shows differences in the induction of glycemia after intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the outcome of oral infection with CVB4-E2 in five mouse strains with different genetic backgrounds: two outbred (Swiss albino, CD1), two inbred (SJL, NOD) and one transgenic (NOD.SCID). Survival rates, fasting blood glucose, histopathology, viral titres and persistence were studied in selected organs and stool samples. Viral protein (VP1), proinflammatory cytokines, and interferon alpha (IFN-α) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We observed mortality only in infected NOD and NOD.SCID mice, with differing survival rates implying initial innate protection in the NOD.SCID mice and low virus clearance with replicating virus titres in the studied organs and stool up to day 40 post infection (p.i.). Independent of the mouse strain hyperglycemia, proinflammatory cytokines and histopathological changes were absent in the endocrine pancreas of infected mice. Only the pancreata of the dead NOD.SCID mice showed inflammation even in presence of IFN-α. Host-dependent viral RNA persistence was observed in all outbred mice. In conclusion, oral infection with CVB4-E2, despite the known affinity of this strain towards the pancreatic tissue and the presence of replicating virus, conferred total protection to the endocrine pancreas in all mice and failed to induce the proinflammatory cytokines studied by us.

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Viruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Focus on the Enteroviruses

Cited by 10 publications

References 182 publications

Relation of Coxsackie B3 and B4 Viral Infections for Development of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: A Case-Control Study

Relation of Coxsackie B3 and B4 Viral Infections for Development of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: A Case-Control Study

An update on enterovirus 71 infection and interferon type I response

Pathophysiology of the pancreas after oral infection of genetically diverse mice with coxsackievirus B4-E2

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