Viticulture in Portugal: A review of recent trends and climate change projections

Fraga, Hélder; Atauri, Iñaki García de Cortázar; Malheiro, Aureliano C.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Santos, João A.

doi:10.20870/oeno-one.2016.0.0.1621

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This widening of the dry season will inexorably decrease growing season water availability and the overall available water resources in the future. In addition, drier and warmer climates, with strengthened evapotranspiration and soil water deficits, will likely trigger severe water stress in vineyards, thus requiring irrigation where it is not now practiced (Fraga et al ., ). Hence, a combination of lower water availability with higher water demand is a noteworthy challenge to the Portuguese winemaking sector under a changing climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Bioclimatic conditions of the Portuguese wine denominations of origin under changing climates

Santos

Fonseca

Fraga

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Wine production and quality are highly sensitive to local weather variability and climatic conditions. To assess these characteristics, this research examines high‐resolution bioclimatic zoning over 50 protected denominations of origin (DOs)/sub‐regions in mainland Portugal through the analysis of two selected bioclimatic indices (dryness and Huglin indices). The analysis is based on a new very high‐resolution dataset over mainland Portugal and for a baseline period (1981–2015). Climate change projections are also assessed for two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and using a 5‐member climate model ensemble over the future periods of 2041–2070 and 2071–2100. A principal component analysis was applied to the time mean spatial patterns of the two selected bioclimatic indices, for the baseline period (1981–2015) and only over the planted vineyard cover areas in each region, isolating a new optimized combined index which was used for subsequent analysis. The results for the present conditions highlight the spatial variability of Portuguese DO/sub‐regions. This study also shows that for the future periods, and regardless of the scenario, the wine sector in Portugal will likely see important bioclimatic changes across most DOs. Increases in the growing‐season mean temperatures in all the Portuguese winemaking DO/sub‐regions, accompanied by increasing severe dryness, are projected in future climates, mainly in south‐eastern Portugal and along the upper Douro Valley (Douro Superior) in north‐eastern Portugal. These DO/sub‐regions are projected to become much drier than currently so that irrigation or the introduction of new varieties are likely adaptation measures to maintain the viability and sustainability of regional viticulture in future decades.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Bioclimatic conditions of the Portuguese wine denominations of origin under changing climates

Santos

Fonseca

Fraga

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…These results do not necessarily imply a dramatic decrease of viticultural suitability in the DDR in the mid‐term and long‐term future scenarios, as adaptive measures can be taken and are already being taken by the grapevine growers in the area, and there is also a constant evolution of wine consumer preferences (van Leeuwen et al, ). In this sense, several actions can be proposed to preserve as much as possible the DDR wine typicity, taking current state‐of‐the‐art knowledge (Hannah et al, ; Van Leeuwen and Darriet, ; Fraga et al, ) and previous works done in the study area (e.g., Jones and Alves, ) in a compromise to balance as much as possible economic, environmental and social costs. Short‐term adaptations to increased temperatures and water deficits include the selection of suitable rootstocks, and late‐ripening clones or varieties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Portuguese DDR is well known for the production of Port wine, a fortified type of wine with a long tradition produced only in Portugal and considered as one of the best wines in the world (Corte‐Real et al, ; Fraga et al, ). The DDR runs along both margins of the Douro River from its midcourse in the west up to the border with Spain in the east.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impact on a wine‐producing region using a dynamical downscaling approach: Climate parameters, bioclimatic indices and extreme indices

Blanco‐Ward

Monteiro

Lopes

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Climate change is of major relevance to wine production as most of the wine‐growing regions of the world are located within relatively narrow latitudinal bands with average growing‐season temperatures (GSTs) limited to 13–21°C. This study focuses on the incidence of climate variables and indices that are relevant both for climate change assessment and for grape production, with emphasis on grapevine bioclimatic indices and extreme events (e.g., cold waves, storms, heatwaves). Dynamical downscaling of European Reanalysis‐Interim and Max Planck Institute Earth System low‐resolution global simulations forced with a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) greenhouse gas emission scenario was performed with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to a regional scale including the Douro Valley of Portugal for recent‐past (1986–2005) and future periods (2046–2065, 2081–2100). The number, duration and intensity of events were superimposed over critical phenological phases estimated by using a specific local grapevine varietal phenological model in order to assess their positive or negative implications for wine production in the region. An assessment of the relevance of climate parameters and indices and their progression in recent‐past and future climate scenarios with regard to the potential impact on wine production was performed. Results indicate a positive relation between higher growing‐season heat accumulations and greater vintage yields. A moderate incidence of very hot days (daily maximum temperature above 35°C) and drought from pre‐véraison phenological conditions have a positive association with vintage ratings. However, the mid‐ and long‐term WRF‐MPI RCP8.5 future climate scenarios reveal shifts to warmer and drier conditions, with the mean GST not remaining within range for quality wine production in the long‐term future climate scenario. These results indicate potential impacts that suggest a range of strategies to maintain wine production and quality in the region.

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“…Most vineyards throughout the world face the same situation and some vineyards from low latitudes as Portugal may be endangered in the following decades (Fraga et al, 2017). Climatic modelling at the appropriate scale is crucial to simulate future conditions (Quenol et al 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

The challenging issue of climate change for sustainable grape and wine production

et al. 2017

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Grape production, wine quality, climatic conditions and geographical origins are closely related, making ongoing climate change a quite challenging issue for this economic sector. How will climatic conditions be affected locally ? How will local climate interact with topography, resulting in high climatic variability at vineyard scale ? How will vine performance, berry composition and wine quality be modified ? And what can be done to adapt vine growing and wine making practices to these new conditions ? These are the key questions the wine industry has to address in the following decades. In this context, it is obvious that this issue will require the development of close collaboration between actors, including producers and wine makers, extension services, marketing, policy makers and scientists. For the scientific community, addressing the climate change issue requires multidisciplinary studies and new scientific approaches.

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Viticulture in Portugal: A review of recent trends and climate change projections

Cited by 28 publications

References 58 publications

Bioclimatic conditions of the Portuguese wine denominations of origin under changing climates

Bioclimatic conditions of the Portuguese wine denominations of origin under changing climates

Climate change impact on a wine‐producing region using a dynamical downscaling approach: Climate parameters, bioclimatic indices and extreme indices

The challenging issue of climate change for sustainable grape and wine production

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