Vitis Vinifera L. And Sambucus Nigra L. Extracts Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Femoral Ischemia

Abstract

Ischemia is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, with an increased rate of morbidity and mortality, pathogenetically characterized by redox imbalance, inflammation and tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) and elderberry fruit (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts on the gastrocnemius muscle lesions induced by the experimental femoral ischemia. The total polyphenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the two extracts were also evaluated. The effects of ischemia-reperfusion damage were investigated by quantification of oxidative stress, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinases-2 activity and histopathological analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle. Both extracts showed beneficial antioxidant effects, decreasing the lipid peroxidation in muscle homogenates. The administration of Vitis vinifera L. extract diminished the metalloproteinase-2 activity while the treatment with Sambucus nigra L. extract exerted potent antiinflammatory effects. RezumatIschemia este o cauză majoră a bolilor cardiovasculare, cu o rată crescută a morbidității și mortalității, caracterizată patogenetic prin dezechilibru redox, inflamație și leziuni tisulare. Scopul studiului a fost urmărirea efectelor administrării unui extract din sâmburi de struguri (Vitis vinifera L.) și ale unui extract din fructe de soc (Sambucus nigra L.) asupra leziunilor mușchiului gastrocnemian, induse de ischemia femurală experimentală. Conținutul total de polifenoli și activitatea antioxidantă a extractelor a fost de asemenea evaluată. Efectele nefavorabile ale ischemiei-reperfuziei au fost investigate prin cuantificarea stresului oxidativ, inflamației, activității metaloproteinazelor matriciale-2 și analiza histopatologică a mușchiului gastrocnemian. Ambele extracte au prezentat efecte benefice, diminuând peroxidarea lipidică în omogenatul muscular. Extractul de Vitis vinifera L. a scăzut activitatea metaloproteinazei-2, în timp ce tratamentul cu Sambucus nigra L. a exercitat efecte antiinflamatorii importante.

Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Rosa X Damascena Mill. Cultivated in the Western Region of Romania

“…Our findings are in accordance with most of the studies, related to the antioxidant activity and the structure of the chemical compound [12]. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compound is due to their ability to scavenge free radicals, donate hydrogen, atoms or electron, or chelate metal cations [9].…”

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.): Bioactive Compounds, Health Functions, and Applications

“…49 In addition, the extracts of elderberry fruits (15 mg/kg of bw) showed anti-inflammatory effects through reducing IL-6 in an experimental femoral ischemia-reperfusion rat model. 44 Moreover, a clinical trial also supports the anti-inflammatory activity of elderberry. The cream containing AgNPs could decrease the erythema and induration, improving the skin lesions in humans at a dose of 50 mg of cream (containing 5 μg of AgNPs)/cm 2 of skin, and the effect was possibly owing to the increase of permeability and retention effect and the uptake of the lymphatic system in the inflammatory region.…”

“…43 In an experimental femoral ischemia-reperfusion rat model, the extracts of elderberry fruits also exhibited antioxidant effects in vivo and reduced the lipid peroxidation in rat muscle homogenates. 44 In other words, elderberry possesses antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo, with the potential antioxidant mechanism of regulating redox-related molecules, such as antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, GPx, and NOX4), leading to the inhibition of intracellular ROS and oxidative damage. (Poly)phenolic compounds (e.g., anthocyanins) might be mainly responsible for the antioxidant effect, and the antioxidant effect in humans remains to be verified in the future.…”

“…The green synthesized silver nanoparticles using (poly)­phenolic-enriched elderberry fruit extract (AgNPs) exerted antioxidant activity at the dose of 0.3 mg/body weight (bw) through reducing the level of MDA and enhancing the activity of GPx and catalase (CAT) in a carrageenan-induced oxidative stress Wistar rat model . In an experimental femoral ischemia-reperfusion rat model, the extracts of elderberry fruits also exhibited antioxidant effects in vivo and reduced the lipid peroxidation in rat muscle homogenates …”

The immunohistochemical investigation of chymase-, tryptase- and ghrelin-positive cells on the lung of rat after an application of Sambucus nigra

“…Experiment Groups 1st control group (n=8): there was no application made. 2nd S. nigra group (n=8): S. nigra extract was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg by oral gavage for 14 days (Bidian et al 2021). Then, cervical dislocation was performed under anesthesia and lung tissue samples were collected for immunohistochemistry.…”