Volatile Constituents and Cytotoxic Activity ofKhaya grandifoliolaandKhaya senegalensisFlower Extracts

Abstract

The volatiles obtained from fresh flowers of Khaya grandifoliola C.DC. and Khaya senegalensis A.Juss. by hydro-distillation method were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sesquiterpenes represent 86.32% and 80.86% of the identified volatile compounds of K. grandifoliola (KgO) and K. senegalensis (KsO) oil, respectively. Caryophyllene-oxide (23.01%), isocaryophyllene (Z) (21.99%), and α-humulene (13.46%) were the main compounds identified in KgO, whereas in KsO they were caryophyllene oxide (14.85%), β-caryophyllene (43.59%), and α-humulene (15.72%). The volatiles were tested for cytotoxic activity against liver (HepG-2), breast (MCF-7), and colon (HCT-116) human cancer cell lines. K. grandifoliola and K. senegalensis oils displayed cytotoxic activity with IC 50 (21.6, 26.1, and 37.6 μg.mL) and (61.1, 79.7, and 61 μg. mL), respectively. Sesquiterpene content of Khaya oils may contribute to their cytotoxic activity. ARTICLE HISTORY

Antiplasmodial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola Stem Bark

“…These extracts are therefore considered non-toxic. Similar research by EL Souda et al [ 42 ] showed that the volatile extract of Khaya senegalensis had moderate cytotoxicity on MCF7 cells with a IC 50 of 79.7 μ g/mL. On the other hand, the same study found that Khaya grandifoliola's volatile extract showed a high level of cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells, with an IC 50 of 21.8 μ g/mL.…”

“…On the other hand, the same study found that Khaya grandifoliola's volatile extract showed a high level of cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells, with an IC 50 of 21.8 μ g/mL. [ 42 ]. This would be supported by the high concentration of sesquiterpenes, particularly isocaryophyllene and humulene (caryophyllene), in the volatile extract of K. grandifoliola , which could be influenced by both the plant's collection site(region) and the parts of the plant used to prepare the extract.…”

Sesquiterpenoids from Meliaceae Family and Their Biological Activities

“…In addition, 1,1,4,8-tetramethyl- cis -4,7,10-cycloundecatriene ( 244 ) from the flowers of the neem tree has been investigated [ 146 ]. The caryophyllene derivative iso-caryophyllene ( 253 ), E -caryophyllene ( 254 ), and caryophyllenyl alcohol ( 256 ) were found to be minor compounds from Cedrela odorata , Toona sinensis , and Kaya grandifoliola , respectively [ 133 , 135 , 138 ]. Himachalane-type sesquiterpenoids α -himachalane ( 257 ) were produced by three species, including Aglaia odorata , Azadirachta indica A. Juss, and Cedrela odorata , while β -himachalene ( 258 ) was produced by the leaves of Cipadessa baccifera [ 131 , 136 , 144 , 146 ].…”

“…In addition, α -guaiene ( 262 ) was investigated from leaves of Toona sinensis and Cedrela odorata [ 125 , 136 ], and β -guaiene ( 263 ) was determined from Toona sinensis and Toona ciliata [ 125 , 143 ]. Cis -4(14),5-Muuroladiene ( 273 ), a muurolane-hydrocarbon type sesquiterpenoid, was recognized in several species, including Cedrela odorata , Cedrela fissilis , Swietenia macrophylla , and Kaya grandifoliola [ 133 , 136 , 154 ]. Moreover, cis -muurol-5-en-4- β -ol ( 274 ) was also found in the flower of Kaya grandifoliola [ 133 ].…”

“…Cis -4(14),5-Muuroladiene ( 273 ), a muurolane-hydrocarbon type sesquiterpenoid, was recognized in several species, including Cedrela odorata , Cedrela fissilis , Swietenia macrophylla , and Kaya grandifoliola [ 133 , 136 , 154 ]. Moreover, cis -muurol-5-en-4- β -ol ( 274 ) was also found in the flower of Kaya grandifoliola [ 133 ]. The α -cubenol ( 279 ) was investigated as a minor component of roots of Trichilia connaroides [ 132 ].…”