Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Of Lifelines

Pitilakis, Kyriazis; Alexoudi, M.; Argyroudis, Sotirios; Monge, Olivier; Martin, Chris

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3608-8_9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Other studies have explored the characteristics of buildings to estimate the probability of road blockages. Pitilakis and Kakderi ( 19 ) used the height of buildings and the width of building debris to calculate post-earthquake reductions in road width and the probability of road blockages. Ertugay et al ( 20 ) analyzed road factors and blockages caused by building collapses to evaluate the probability of road damage.…”

Section: Post-earthquake Road Damage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Disaster Chain Method to Evaluate Transportation Systems: A Pilot Study of Predicting Debris Blockages in Disaster-Response Road Systems

Hsu

2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Suitable transportation systems are vital for the functioning of urban areas. Such systems connect all major locations, including residential and commercial locations, in these areas. The effectiveness of the response of an urban area to an earthquake depends on the road system in the area. A feasible and efficient approach to evaluating the capacity of road systems to allow safe and efficient emergency transportation for affected residents in the aftermath of an earthquake should be developed. Ground transportation systems are vulnerable to earthquakes. For example, ground motion in the 1994 Northridge, 1995 Kobe, 1999 Chi-Chi, and 2018 Hokkaido earthquakes caused severe damage to urban roads and bridges. Moreover, for areas with a high building density that are prone to high-intensity earthquakes, it is important to be able to estimate the risk of road blockage caused by collapsed buildings. In the present study, a disaster impact chain was established to evaluate the probability and effects of buildings collapsing in an earthquake. This chain was used as the basis for a road blockage model and for the formulation of suitable procedures and methods for earthquake response. The results of this study indicate that buildings in strong-motion zones are severely damaged by high-intensity earthquakes. Falling debris from these buildings can lead to the blockage of rescue roads, delaying the transport of injured individuals to hospital after an earthquake. The results of this study can aid authorities in making decisions related to transportation system management during earthquake disasters.

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Section: Post-earthquake Road Damage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Disaster Chain Method to Evaluate Transportation Systems: A Pilot Study of Predicting Debris Blockages in Disaster-Response Road Systems

Hsu

2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…Thus, the indirect seismic loss is usually related to the time periods after the event. For our problem, the indirect loss of a railway is evaluated in two periods (Pitilakis, Alexoudi, Argyroudis, Monge, & Martin, 2008), that is, the crisis period (during and a short time, e.g., an hour, after the disaster) and the recovery period (that lasts until railway functions are completely recovered):

F_{i n d i r e c t} = F_{c r i s i s} + F_{r e c o v e r y}

…”

Section: Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this recovery period, the revenue of the railway will be zero due to loss of functionalities. It is worth noting that the recovery period is assumed to start immediately after the earthquake and continue until the railway system is restored to its initial state (Pitilakis et al., 2008). Thus, the alignment indirect loss in this period is defined as:

F_{r e c o v e r y} = T_{R} \cdot C_{L D}

where C LD is the operating revenue per unit time of a railway (¥/day).…”

Section: Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi‐objective mountain railway alignment optimization incorporating seismic risk assessment

Song

Schonfeld

et al. 2020

Computer aided Civil Eng

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Mountain railway alignment optimization is known as a very complex engineering problem that should consider many factors, such as drastically undulating terrain, geological hazard impacts, and additional constraints. Moreover, many mountain railway projects are located in earthquake‐prone regions and hence are greatly threatened by seismic activity. Thus far, most alignment optimization studies aim at finding the least‐cost solutions within budget but slight attention has been paid to reducing the complex seismic risk through optimization. In this paper, the first known quantitative seismic risk assessment model for railway alignment optimization is presented, which combines probabilistic seismic fragility analysis and probabilistic seismic loss analysis. Three methods for fragility analysis of bridge, tunnel, and earthwork sections are designed and a specific event tree is developed for seismic loss analysis. Moreover, multiple preliminary constraints are specified for alignments traversing active faults. Afterwards, the seismic risk assessment model is combined with a least‐cost model to formulate a bi‐objective optimization model. To solve it, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved by blending the crowding distance computation (CDC) and, especially, a novel marginal benefit analysis (MBA) to search for pareto‐optimal solutions during optimization. A prescreening and repairing operator is also designed to handle the fault constraints. Finally, when applying the proposed procedure to a complex realistic railway case, the results show that the hybrid CDC+MBA bi‐objective solver can find better pareto‐optimal solutions than the generic CDC method. Besides, detailed data analysis shows that the present method can produce less expensive as well as safer solutions than the best alignment designed by experienced human engineers.

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Systems Thinking Approach for Resilient Critical Infrastructures in Urban Disaster Management and Sustainable Development

Uddin

Routray

Warnitchai

2019

Resilient Structures and Infrastructure

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Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Of Lifelines

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Developing a Disaster Chain Method to Evaluate Transportation Systems: A Pilot Study of Predicting Debris Blockages in Disaster-Response Road Systems

Developing a Disaster Chain Method to Evaluate Transportation Systems: A Pilot Study of Predicting Debris Blockages in Disaster-Response Road Systems

Bi‐objective mountain railway alignment optimization incorporating seismic risk assessment

Systems Thinking Approach for Resilient Critical Infrastructures in Urban Disaster Management and Sustainable Development

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