Wave Overtopping over Coastal Structures with Oblique Wind and Swell Waves

Abstract

Most guidelines on wave overtopping over coastal structures are based on conditions with waves from one direction only. Here, wave basin tests with oblique wave attack are presented where waves from one direction are combined with waves from another direction. This is especially important for locations where wind waves approach a coastal structure under a specific direction while swell waves approach the coastal structure under another direction. The tested structure was a dike with a smooth and impermeable 1:4 slope. The test programme consisted of four types of wave loading: (1) Wind waves only: “sea” (approaching the structure with an angle of 45°), (2) Wind waves and swell waves from the same direction (45°), (3) Wind waves and swell waves, simultaneously from two different directions (45° and −45°, thus perpendicular to each other), and (4) Wind waves, simultaneously from two different directions (45° and −45°, thus perpendicular to each other). Existing guidelines on wave overtopping have been extended to predict wave overtopping discharges under the mentioned types of wave loading (oblique sea and swell conditions).

Study on the Resonant Behaviors of a Bottom-Hinged Oscillating Wave Surge Converter

“…In this study, the wave surface is corrected, as shown in Figure 2, to adjust The wave propagation direction is assumed to be unidirectional, and perpendicular to the flap (x-axis of a Cartesian coordinate system), which is an ideal scenario. Some studies on different types of coastal structures, such as low-crested structures [37], dikes [38], and bridge decks [39] demonstrated a significant reduction in wave overtopping and the wave-induced forces in relative non-normal angles between the structures and the waves (e.g., oblique waves or skewed structures). Although the effects of oblique waves is not negligible, the research of OWSCs under perpendicular waves in this work is still meaningful as the foundation for future studies, comparing the influence of oblique waves with perpendicular waves.…”

Wave overtopping of smooth impermeable seawalls under unidirectional bimodal sea conditions

“…Thompson et al, 2017 and references therein). Here, we focus on bimodality in the frequency spectrum but note in passing that van der Werf & Van Ghent (2018) investigated overtopping under bimodal seas and found that the presence of swells with low steepness enhanced wave overtopping with obliquely intersecting wind and swell waves.…”

Kriging Model for Reliability Analysis of the Offshore Steel Trestle Subjected to Wave and Current Loads

“…The dynamic effect of wave load on the structural response is neglected as well [24]. The influences of more factors, such as geometric and material uncertainties [43], wave direction [44] and ship/debris impact [45] on the reliability deserve to be investigated in further study. The correlations between wave, current, and marine growth are not considered due to the lack of measured data in this research.…”