Wind farm control: Addressing the aerodynamic interaction among wind turbines

Johnson, Kathryn; Thomas, Naveen

doi:10.1109/acc.2009.5160152

Cited by 140 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This effect makes sense, as different wind gusts and lulls hit different turbines on the farm at different times. More discussion of the modeling of the aerodynamic interaction among turbines in an array, and the coordinated control of such turbine arrays, can be found in [33] and [59].…”

Section: Modeling and Control Of Wind Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tutorial on the dynamics and control of wind turbines and wind farms

Pao

Johnson

2009

2009 American Control Conference

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292

206

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Abstract-Wind energy is currently the fastest-growing energy source in the world, with a concurrent growth in demand for the expertise of engineers and researchers in the wind energy field. There are still many unsolved challenges in expanding wind power, and there are numerous problems of interest to systems and control researchers. In this paper, we first review the basic structure of wind turbines and then describe wind turbine control systems and control loops. Of great interest are the generator torque and blade pitch control systems, where significant performance improvements are achievable with more advanced systems and control research. We describe recent developments in advanced controllers for wind turbines and wind farms, and we also outline many open problems in the areas of modeling and control of wind turbines.

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Section: Modeling and Control Of Wind Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tutorial on the dynamics and control of wind turbines and wind farms

Pao

Johnson

2009

2009 American Control Conference

Self Cite

292

206

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show abstract

“…5 Moreover, by decreasing the power output of upstream turbines, the performance of downstream turbines and the power output of the array as a whole can be increased. [6][7][8] While these techniques can improve the energy produced by HAWT arrays, vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have been shown to facilitate additional strategies for performance a) Electronic mail: brownstein@stanford.edu enhancement due to their performance in close proximity. It has been predicted that VAWTs could produce over an order of magnitude more power per unit area of land than HAWTs due in part to the close-spacing effects, despite individual turbine efficiencies that are 20%-30% lower than HAWTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement of downstream vertical-axis wind turbines

Brownstein

Kinzel

Dabiri

2016

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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Numerical investigation of the yawed wake and its effects on the downstream wind turbine J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 8, 033303 (2016) Increased power production is observed in downstream vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) when positioned offset from the wake of upstream turbines. This effect is found to exist in both laboratory and field environments with pairs of co-and counter-rotating turbines, respectively. It is hypothesized that the observed production enhancement is due to flow acceleration adjacent to the upstream turbine due to bluff body blockage, which would increase the incident freestream velocity on appropriately positioned downstream turbines. A low-order model combining potential flow and actuator disk theory captures this effect. Additional laboratory and field experiments further validate the predictive capabilities of the model. Finally, an evolutionary algorithm reveals patterns in optimized VAWT arrays with various numbers of turbines. A "truss-shaped" array is identified as a promising configuration to optimize energy extraction in VAWT wind farms by maximizing the performance enhancement of downstream turbines. Published by AIP Publishing.

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“…Control strategies can be used to maximize power production of a wind farm, reduce structural loads to increase the lifetime 15 of turbines in a wind farm, and better integrate wind energy into the energy market (Johnson and Thomas (2009) ;Boersma et al (2017)). Typically, wind turbines in a wind farm operate individually to maximize their own performance regardless of the impact of aerodynamic interactions on neighboring turbines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model has been used to determine operating conditions of a wind farm to maximize power (Johnson and Thomas (2009)). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Control-Oriented Wake Modeling Tools Using Lidar Field Results

Annoni¹,

Fleming²,

Scholbrock³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract.Wind turbines in a wind farm operate individually to maximize their own performance regardless of the impact of aerodynamic interactions on neighboring turbines. Wind farm controls can be used to increase power production or reduce overall structural loads by properly coordinating turbines. One wind farm control strategy that is addressed in literature is known as wake steering, wherein upstream turbines operate in yaw misaligned conditions to redirect their wakes away from downstream 5 turbines. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, CO conducted a demonstration of wake steering on a single utility-scale turbine. In this campaign, the turbine was operated at various yaw misalignment setpoints while a lidar mounted on the nacelle scanned five downstream distances. The lidar measurements were combined with turbine data, as well as measurements of the inflow made by a highly instrumented meteorological mast upstream. The full-scale measurements are used to validate controls-oriented tools, including wind turbine wake models, used for wind farm controls and optimization. 10This paper presents a quantitative comparison of the lidar data and controls-oriented wake models under different atmospheric conditions and turbine operation. The results show good agreement between the lidar data and the models under these different conditions.

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Wind farm control: Addressing the aerodynamic interaction among wind turbines

Cited by 140 publications

References 12 publications

A tutorial on the dynamics and control of wind turbines and wind farms

A tutorial on the dynamics and control of wind turbines and wind farms

Performance enhancement of downstream vertical-axis wind turbines

Analysis of Control-Oriented Wake Modeling Tools Using Lidar Field Results

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