Wireless sensors linked to climate financing for globally affordable clean cooking

Ramanathan, Tara; Ramanathan, Nithya; Mohanty, Jeevan; Rehman, I. H.; Graham, Eric; Ramanathan, V.

doi:10.1038/nclimate3141

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Surveys are relatively simple and inexpensive to administer; however, there is evidence that suggests that surveys are not a reliable metric on which to base real-world usage, though it may vary substantially by region and surveying method. [7][8][9][10][11][12] For example, surveys are subject to bias due to recall error and the Hawthorne effect. 12 Direct sensor-based stove-use monitoring may provide an alternative, less biased approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, there have only been a handful of studies that have reported cookstove usage based on direct, sensor-based estimates. [7][8][9][10][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] As indoor-pollution exposure estimates depend on usage, we expect estimates of exposure and the health burden of indoor solid-fuel use to improve through better usage data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing regional stove‐usage patterns and using those patterns to model indoor air quality impacts

et al. 2020

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Monitoring improved cookstove adoption and usage in developing countries can help anticipate potential health and environmental benefits that may result from household energy interventions. This study explores stove-usage monitor (SUM)-derived (38 stoves, 1007 monitoring days). Traditional stove usage was found to be generally similar among four seemingly disparate countries in terms of cooking habits, with average usage of between 171 and 257 minutes per day for the most-used stoves. In Honduras, where survey-based usage data were also collected, there was only modest agreement between sensor data and self-reported user data. For Indian homes, we combined stove-usage data with a single-zone Monte Carlo box model to estimate kitchen-level PM 2.5 and CO concentrations under various scenarios of cleaner cookstove adoption. We defined clean cookstove performance based on the International Standards Organization (ISO) voluntary guidelines. Model results showed that even with 75% displacement of traditional stoves with the cleanest available stove (ISO tier-5), World Health Organization 24 hours PM 2.5 standards were exceeded in 96.4% of model runs, underscoring the importance of full displacement. K E Y W O R D Sair quality, cookstove, exposure modeling, LMIC, Single-zone box model, stove usage

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing regional stove‐usage patterns and using those patterns to model indoor air quality impacts

et al. 2020

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“…Household solid fuel combustion is estimated to contribute ~25% of global emissions of black carbon (BC), a component of fine PM composed of light‐absorbing graphitic carbon, often also classified as elemental carbon (EC) when quantified via thermooptical analysis [ Andreae and Gelencsér , ]. BC is thought to be the second‐leading contributor to current warming (after CO 2 ) [ Bond et al , ] and reducing BC emissions has been proposed as a way to mitigate short‐term warming while providing air quality “cobenefits” [ Venkataraman et al , ; Bond , ; Grieshop et al , , ; Sanford and Burney , ; Ramanathan et al , ]. The other major aerosol component in solid fuel combustion emissions is organic carbon (OC), which is typically considered to scatter short‐wave solar radiation and thus offset some BC warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission factors of health‐ and climate‐relevant pollutants measured in home during a carbon‐finance‐approved cookstove intervention in rural India

et al. 2017

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We present results of an emission characterization effort, completed as part of a larger intervention trial, of a carbon‐finance‐approved program replacing traditional cookstoves with “rocket”‐style natural draft stoves. The 100 emission tests were conducted across 31 households in control and intervention groups, with repeated tests in most households during preintervention and postintervention periods. While mean fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emission factor for intervention stoves was significantly lower than for traditional stoves in baseline measurements, they were only marginally lower than traditional stoves during follow‐up. Intervention stove PM2.5 emissions had a larger contribution from light‐absorbing (elemental) carbon than traditional stoves. Repeated measurements in control households provide evidence for strong seasonality, likely due to differences in fuel moisture/types, in traditional stove emissions, with important implications for study design. Seasonality observed in control household emission factors (baseline > follow‐up) was in the opposite direction as that observed in indoor PM2.5 concentrations (baseline < follow‐up), highlighting that seasonally varying conditions (e.g., ventilation rates) may modify the link between emissions and exposures. Emission factor differences in paired (pre/post) tests from the same households were similar to differences in the medians of entire groups, suggesting variability is dominated by test‐to‐test variation. Emission reductions from intervention stoves were significantly smaller than laboratory performance would suggest or that are required to strongly reduce exposures. Field emissions assessment like that presented here should be prioritized early in technology assessment and development to provide rigorous estimates of the benefits reasonably expected from interventions with the potential for substantial benefits to human health and the environment.

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“…In this study, an estimate of average fuel consumption in winter based on reported changes in stove use and a single nonwinter direct fuel measurement campaign would have been within 20% of actual fuel use. Previous studies that have compared physical measures of stove usage and surveys have generally shown that basic stove use parameters, such as whether a stove was ever used [21,44], tend to have closer agreement than parameters requiring finer scale recall, such as the duration of cooking events or number of events in a day [45][46][47]. The reliability of questionnaires to quantify physical energy use characteristics, however, will vary across populations and study contexts, so piloting designs remains important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal fuel consumption, stoves, and end-uses in rural households of the far-western development region of Nepal

Lam

Upadhyay²,

Maharjan³

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Understanding how fuels and stoves are used to meet a diversity of household needs is an important step in addressing the factors leading to continued reliance on polluting devices, and thereby improving household energy programs. In Nepal and many other countries dependent on solid fuel, efforts to mitigate the impacts of residential solid fuel use have emphasized cooking while focusing less on other solid fuel dependent end-uses. We employed a four-season fuel assessment in a cohort of 110 households residing in two elevation regions of the Far-Western Development Region (Province 7) of Nepal. Household interviews and direct fuel weights were used to assess seasonality in fuel consumption and its association with stoves that met cooking and non-cooking needs. Per-capita fuel consumption in winter was twice that of other measured seasons, on average. This winter increase was attributed to greater prevalence of use and fuel consumption by supplemental stoves, not the main cooking stove. End-use profiles showed that fuel was used in supplemental stoves to meet the majority of non-meal needs in the home, notably water heating and preparation of animal food. This emphasis on fuels, stoves, and the satisfaction of energy needs-rather than just stoves or fuels-leads to a better understanding of the factors leading to device and fuel choice within households.

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Wireless sensors linked to climate financing for globally affordable clean cooking

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Comparing regional stove‐usage patterns and using those patterns to model indoor air quality impacts

Comparing regional stove‐usage patterns and using those patterns to model indoor air quality impacts

Emission factors of health‐ and climate‐relevant pollutants measured in home during a carbon‐finance‐approved cookstove intervention in rural India

Seasonal fuel consumption, stoves, and end-uses in rural households of the far-western development region of Nepal

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