Metal ion–zeolite materials
based on different zeolite structuresFAU
(NaY, 100–750 nm), LTA (4400 nm), and MFI (ZSM5, >100, 760,
and 2500 nm) were studied for developing antimicrobial agents
using a simple method. These zeolite structures were loaded with silver,
copper, or zinc ions using an ion-exchange method and tested for antimicrobial
activity against three bacteriaEscherichia
coli, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus
aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA), a clinical isolate. Sample characterization
confirmed the presence of metal ions and the stability of the zeolite
structures. All mono- and bimetallic ion–zeolite materials
loaded with silver displayed higher antimicrobial activity than zinc-
or copper-containing samples. The inhibitory effect of metal ion–zeolite
materials was even higher than the action of antibiotics, especially
against MRSA. These findings show that silver ion–zeolite materials
have potential applications to combat bacterial infections and further
prevent the prevalence of resistant microorganisms. The antimicrobial
activity seems to be related to the acidity and Si/Al ratio of zeolites,
according to the following scale: MFI > FAU > LTA. Particularly,
the
inhibitory effect against MRSA is a very promising result considering
the difficulty of effective eradication of this resistant strain,
the principal agent of nosocomial or healthcare-associated infections,
which affect 3.2% of all hospitalized patients in the United States
and 6.5% in the European Union.