Yield and fruit morphology of selected high productive Papua nutmeg trees (Myristica argentea Warb.)

Abstract

Fakfak nutmeg is also known as Papua Nutmeg, and has become one of the main income sources of local communities in Fakfak and Kaimana Districts. It produces butter nutmeg, a fat derived from the seed used in perfumery and soaps. It grows wild or semi cultivation, so the productivity is generally low. To improve productivity, it is necessary to use planting materials derived from high productive trees. The study was aimed to identify nutmeg trees with high yield, good quality of fruit, seeds and essential oils. The study was undertaken in eight locations of Fakfak district. Mother trees selection were carried out during 2013-2015. About 136 mother trees have been selected with average fruit yield 2275 ± 340 fruits tree−1 and have bigger fruit and seed compared with original population. The average fruit weight 106 ± 9.6 g, fruit length 7.26 ± 0.54 cm, seed weight 13.52 ± 1.44 g, seed length 3.81 ± 0.34 cm, and mace weight > 2 g. Essential oil content of mature seeds and mace was considered low (<5%). The main chemical constituents of seeds and mace essential oils were sabinen, limonen and safrol. The safrole content was higher (> 20%) than standard.

Physicochemical Properties of Nutmeg Oleoresin Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction from Different Raw Material Qualities and Drying Methods

“…Besides, other research confirmed that Banda Sangihe nutmeg has seed weight 6.9 -9.5 g/grain. The size and nutmeg yield found high variation among plantations in Indonesia related to varieties, seasonal weather, and cultivation practices [8]. However, the nutmeg seeds in the research have perfectly shaped, relatively heavy, not attacked by pests and diseases, and did not get mechanical damage.…”

“…Nutmeg seeds contain essential oils and fatty oils, depending on the origin of the raw material. Other study revealed the result of 3.11-3.91% essential oils and 14-15% oleoresin of nutmeg seeds from Papua [8]. Generally, the essential oil content of nutmeg seeds from Papua is much lower than the essential oils of Banda nutmeg seeds.…”

Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat di Desa Banai Karang Baru Aceh Tamiang Aceh

“…Kandungan senyawa kimia yang terdapat pada suku Zingiberaceae berpotensi sebagai antioksidan, antibakteri, antivirus termasuk Covid 19 dan antiinflamasi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku obat yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi (Nogueira et al, 2019). Senyawa dari suku Zingiberaceae dapat menghalangi Covid 19 dikarenakan senyawa bioaktif gingerol yang terkandung di dalam minyak jahe memiliki efek sebagai anti-inflamasi, antipiretik, gastroprotective, cardiotonic dan antihepatoksik terhadap virus Covid 19 pada masa pandemi (Wahyuni & Bermawie, 2020).…”

Fruit and seed variation of wild nutmeg (Myristica schefferi Warb.) in South Aceh, Indonesia

“…Another genus myristica that has a big fruit size is M. argentea Warb or Papua nutmeg. The fruit weights of the selected mother trees of Papua nutmeg vary from 93 -105 g with a fruit length of 6.5-7.9 cm and fruit width 4.3-6.2 cm[8].…”