Державне Регулювання Як Чинник Протидії Covid-19

Abstract

The most successful fight against COVID-19 is demonstrated by countries with effective state institutions, which have become absolutely critical when confronting SARS-CoV-2: from quarantine restrictions, equipping hospitals and providing financial assistance packages to national economies to developing COVID vaccines, deployment of their production and mass vaccination of the population until the formation of collective immunity. These countries are not only centers of highly adaptable business, but also of first-class research centers and leading pharmaceutical companies that have offered the world effective COVID developments and their mass production. However, the rapid application of this creative potential would be impossible without effective government regulation. After all, the price of a purely market response to SARS-CoV-2 is prohibitively high due to the inevitable loss of time and human lives in the formation of private funds sufficient to begin the development of COVID vaccines, their production, mass vaccination and the emergence of collective immunity. Thus, government regulation has become a key factor in transforming COVID vaccines into the public good. However, due to the different quality of such regulation in different countries, this benefit has signs of “nationality”: the first to receive it are wealthy countries, developers of COVID vaccines and their closest partners, which have a high level of governance. Countries deprived of such institutional advantages have found themselves trapped by COVID-19 in the already narrow corridor of their financial capabilities. Moreover, the way out of this trap is often associated with political demands, the nature of which quite often does not apply to SARS-CoV-2 or national conditions for overcoming it.

State Governance for Ukraine’s Growth and Development: Trade Aspect

“…Ukrainian economist, Prof. S.O. Korablin in his study concludes that government regulation has become a key factor in transforming COVID vaccines into the public good (Korablin, 2021).…”

“…Moreover, during the reforms and hard times (e.g., global financial crisis -2009) the effectiveness of state governance, the quality of public administration, and the success of quickly implemented policies are appeared to be the key factors in confronting a wide variety of domestic and international problems, many of which are not only of economic origin (e.g., Korablin, 2021;Report, 2011;Bryant & Sigurjonsson, 2022;Honcharenko et al, 2020;Halasiuk, 2019).…”

Challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic to pharmaceutical manufacturing: the EU and Ukraine’s response

“…In particular, in the Council Resolution of 23 April 1996 aimed at implementing the basic principles of industrial policy for the EU pharmaceutical sector EU [22], set out in the 1994 Commission Communication [21], the EU leadership drew attention of the member states to the importance of the link between policies to control costs in the health sector and measures to ensure the competitiveness of national pharmaceutical industries [21] 10 . 20 years ago, the document "Pharmaceutical industry: a strategic sector in the European economy" [23] outlined the industry development priorities to be implemented during 2014-2020 in the framework of "Horizon 2020" 11 and the EU Structural Funds for 2014-2020. However, despite the strong position of European producers on the global market, the COVID-19 pandemic hit the sector harder than any other economic shock in EU history.…”

“…10 The basic principles of industrial policy on pharmaceuticals were identified as: encouraging innovation through a competitive market and changes in the regulatory framework; protecting new medicines by intellectual property rights, both in the EU and in third countries; ensuring the availability of medicines that provide better health protection for European citizens; promoting research on innovative therapies of particular relevance to public health and encouraging research on rare diseases and the development of appropriate medicines. 11 The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) has become one of the flagships of Horizon 2020 health research, a public-private partnership in the life sciences between the EU and the European pharmaceutical industry.…”

“…They outlined the features and strategic guidelines for the development of Ukrainian pharmaceuticals [6][7][8], the problems and prospects of the course towards EU membership, the priority of the pharmaceutical industry to accelerate high-tech growth [9], and possible effects of European integration on pharmaceuticals [10]. They also justified the role of government regulation in counteracting and overcoming the global coronary crisis triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 virus [11], outlining a vision for its causes and solutions in EU countries [12], and proposed a toolkit for assessing the value-added benefits of pharmaceuticals and emergence of new players [13].…”