Ендогенізація Розвитку Економіки У Вимірі Рівноправності Відносин Держави, Бізнесу Та Суб’єктів Голосування

Heyets, Valeriy

doi:10.15407/economyukr.2018.07.003

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…At the same time, A. Gershenkron highlighted the peculiarities of modernization and technological development of industries in the catching-up countries 5 . The scientist's contribution consists in testifies that involvement of advanced technologies from industrially leading countries can become a catalyst for increasing the recipient country's technological potential.…”

Section: Regarding Preconditions and Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No 1106 of October 25, 2017 regulates aspects of the agreement's implementation and provides for the elaboration of a draft Strategy for the development of Ukraine's industrial complex until 2025. But, despite the large number of achievements of Ukrainian scientists and recommendations on the basic principles of such a strategy [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], until now there are no recommendations that would clearly define technological and industry priorities, a set of mutually consistent goals, tools and measures, as well as economic priorities (as was done in the EU and its member states, in particular in Germany [1,12] and France [13]).…”

Section: Key Endogenous Barriers That Hinder the Development Of Htpi Have Been Identified Including Problems In The Training Of Specialismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In search of answers, the authors relied on the conceptual foundations of the development of Ukrainian industry, including pharmaceuticals, laid in the works by O. Amosha, V. Vyshnevsky, V. Heyets, V. Dorovsky, Y. Kindzersky, V. Margitich and others [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The principal theoretical basis was the work carried out by representatives of various scientific schools, in particular: institutionalists (T. Veblen), neo-institutionalists (W. Rostow), neoclassicists (K. Arrow and X. Uzawa), representatives of the evolutionary approach (R. Nelson and S. Winter), and theorists of innovation dynamics (J. Schumpeter, S. Kuznets, K. Freeman, and R. Nelson).…”

Section: Regarding Preconditions and Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, summarizing the works [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], we can say that today the development of HTPI in Ukraine is hindered by a number of endogenous barriers:…”

Section: Fig 2 Dynamics Of Imports Of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and High-tech Pharmaceutical Intermediates Million Usdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Section: Regarding Preconditions and Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Key Endogenous Barriers That Hinder the Development Of Htpi Have Been Identified Including Problems In The Training Of Specialismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regarding Preconditions and Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, summarizing the works [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], we can say that today the development of HTPI in Ukraine is hindered by a number of endogenous barriers:…”

Section: Fig 2 Dynamics Of Imports Of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and High-tech Pharmaceutical Intermediates Million Usdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“…Тож, узагальнюючи доробки [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], можна сказати, що сьогодні розвитку ВТФВ в Україні перешкоджає ціла низка ендогенних бар'єрів.…”

Section: рис 1 етапи процесу дослідження та розробки нових ліків 16unclassified

Ukraine's pharmaceuticals: from dependence to endogenous development

Salikhova¹,

Honcharenko²

2020

Ekon. prognozuvannâ

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The article substantiates various theoretical and applied principles of developing high-tech pharmaceutical industries (HTPI). It is established that the key problem of developing countries in this area is the dependence on resources and markets of developed countries, while the involvement of advanced foreign technologies can be a catalyst for increasing the technological potential of host countries (subject to the availability of proper knowledge and human capital, changes in the institutional environment, and improved the framework conditions for innovation). In the context of the development of HTPI, the author shows the importance of the network nature of the acquisition by pharmaceutical companies of sustainable competitive advantages based on resources that are difficult to simulate or replace. It is substantiated that networks built with local research institutions, higher education institutions, and research units of other companies, give pharmaceutical manufacturers the opportunity to access complementary assets and become their specific resource, which provides unique competitive advantages. The author reveals various methodological and statistical features of the categorization of industries by the level of technology in the conditions of globalization. It is substantiated that the current low value of the ratio of research and development (R&D) to value-added generated by pharmaceuticals of individual countries is not a sign of the industry’s low technological level, as the current revenues are the result of long-term R&D and harmonization procedures for launching new drugs with lags of 10-15 years. A new tool for the study of international trade in high-tech pharmaceuticals is proposed, whose peculiar feature consists in the categorization of nomenclature items by end use; the List of high-tech medical and pharmaceutical intermediate goods is formulated (in accordance with SITC Rev.4 and UKT FEA); the following indicators are proposed: the coefficient of import dependence of pharmaceutical production, the coefficient of "purified" exports of pharmaceutical products and the coefficient of imports coverage with HTPI output, and the formulas for their calculation are provided. The author's approach is the first to create the opportunity to assess the scale of costs and the dependence of the pharmaceutical industry on imported components that embody advanced technologies and are the industrial supplies for HTPI. It was found that in Ukraine the share of foreign intermediate high-tech goods in the consumption of the industry reaches 82.2%; the industry, working on imported substances, produces mainly products for the domestic market, without earning foreign currency, even to cover the cost of purchasing the necessary ingredients; manufacturers do not rely on synthesized chemical products of domestic production, primarily due to the fact that the products of the chemical industry for the needs of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine are virtually non-existent; and the increase in output depends on foreign technologies and intermediate goods. It is substantiated that Ukraine’s pharmaceutical industry is critically dependent on imported supplies to ensure the smooth operation of enterprises and the healthcare industry. Key endogenous barriers that hinder the development of HTPI have been identified, including problems in the training of specialists and a lack of scientists whose competencies would contribute to solving the problems of endogenous development of the industry; lack of state aid to business entities for research, and technological and innovative activities; lack of own funds to increase expenditures on R&D and implementation of large-scale investment and innovation projects; and lack of cheap loans, due to which Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturers find themselves in unequal conditions compared to foreign competitors. Conceptual bases of HTPI development in Ukraine are proposed; justified the expediency of legal changes, definition of strategic priorities and introduction of measures of development of HTPI in Ukraine based on the comprehensive approach, which will cover creation and development of pharmaceutical ingredients for medicines (chemical and biotechnological goods), medical products, fillers, packing materials, machinery and equipment for pharmaceuticals to help reduce the dependence on foreign technologies, and to increase the level of production localization, employment and revenues to the budgets of all levels.

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Policy of endogenous development of pharmaceuticals in China: lessons for Ukraine

Salikhova¹,

Honcharenko²

2020

Economy and forecasting

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This article provides overview of the programs and plans, tools of scientific and technological, innovation and industry policies for new drug discovery. The authors substantiate that China has a government-led integrated approach to protecting and strengthening pharmaceutical sector. Discovered and proved the fact that the Chinese Government is encouraging R&D in the pharmaceutical sector, with special attention to the biotechnologies and is providing substantial support in the form of subsidies, tax incentives and establishment of special high-tech zones to encourage the production of new products and processes in the pharmaceutical sector. In addition to government support, there is substantial foreign direct investment in production and R&D, which entails transfer of technology and intensifies endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The authors give special attention to the fact that China's Government Procurement provides domestic price preference programme and realizes policies promoting indigenous innovation products and technology transfer. Initiatives to create human resources for pharmaceuticals industry and government aid attract foreign specialists and highly qualified Chinese migrants. Government support has raised the level of production localization, and increased employment and value added in the industry. Among the achievements attained due to the political mechanisms created in this country, are scientific and technological competencies and technology development, and high competitiveness of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, protection of intellectual property rights, access to foreign markets, import substitution and lower dependence on imported technologies, pharmaceutical intermediate goods and end-product, and high consumer quality of manufactured goods. It is proven that China's state-led innovation and investment development model has supported growth over the last 40 years and produced numerous endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The article presents the authors' vision of the determinants of success of the Chinese government in building innovation potential of domestic pharmaceuticals industry and of the resilience of the industry in the face of crisis caused by COVID-19.

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Ендогенізація Розвитку Економіки У Вимірі Рівноправності Відносин Держави, Бізнесу Та Суб’єктів Голосування

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

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Ukraine's pharmaceuticals: from dependence to endogenous development

Policy of endogenous development of pharmaceuticals in China: lessons for Ukraine

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