Продуктивне Довголіття Корів Української Чорно-Рябої Молочної Породи Залежно Від Спадковості Голштинських Бугаїв-Плідників
Abstract: Дослідження з вивчення продуктивного довголіття корів української чорно-рябої молочної породи, залежно від впливу спадковості голштинських бугаїв-плідників, проведені на базі племінного заводу Підліснівської філії ПП «Буринське» Підліснівського відділення Сумського району. Оцінку голштинських бугаїв-плідників проводили на дочірньому поголів’ї трьох груп помісних корів з умовною часткою крові поліпшуючої породи: 62,6-75,0; 75,1-87,5; 87,6-93,75% та чистопородних тварин. Піддослідне потомство плідників Ле… Show more
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Introduction. In the field of dairy farming, the prospect of improving the breeding characteristics of the herd will primarily depend on the successful selection of bulls for its reproduction, as it is proved that the role of heredity in the genetic improvement of breeds reached 90–95%. Therefore, the intensive use of leading bulls with high breeding value is the main means of selective improvement of livestock in modern dairy farming with any systems and methods of breeding. The question of determining the degree of realization of breeding value of bulls under the condition of stable transmission of hereditary information to offspring, namely prepotency improvement on productive traits in a particular herd, is quite motivated, which was the purpose of our research. Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted in a breeding herd for breeding Ukrainian Red and Black-and-White dairy cattle and Holstein breeds of AF "Svitanok" Maryinsky district of Donetsk region. For the analysis, the electronic information database of SMDC ʺORSECʺ as of November 2021 was used. The analysis included information on milk productive, reproductive ability and exterior of 1215 first-heifers in 2007–2020 calving years and the intensity of live weight of heifers up to one and a half years of age. Research results. Calculation of the average manifestation of the considered features of certain groups of half-sibs was found that the highest improving effect on milk yield and milk fat and milk protein for 305 days of the first lactation was found using Holstein bulls C. E. Altadeсree 64633889, Shirley 447860719 and Besson 393035302, Ukrainian Red dairy breed Tsvitok 435 and Surguch 6500134711. Of the identified improvers higher than the average level of relative narrowing of variability in the offspring was found in bulls Shirley 447860719 (Kc = 0.380 … 0.383), C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 (Kc = 0.316 … 0.330) and Tsvitok 435 (Kc = 0.303 … 0.314), which makes the most desirable their further use in the herd. Degraders of milk production of the firstborns were bulls Misiats 6333 and Ducat 125 Ukrainian Red dairy, Artist 4502 Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cattle, Trener 6064 Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle, Campino Red 112825601 and Jupiter 27640964506 Holstein breeds. In terms of live weight of daughters at different ages, the most noticeable consolidations were bulls Bestus 348313870, Ducat 125, Cadenz Red 114151975, C. E. Altadeсree 64633889, Campino Red 112825601 and Jupiter 27640964506. However, the daughters of bulls Ducat 125, Campino Red 112825601 and Jupiter 27640964506 at the age of 9, 12 and 18 months have a lower live weight compared to the average livestock (-11.5 to -79.4 kg). The most significant improving effect on the live weight of daughters in the herd at all ages is carried out by the bull C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 (from +0.1 to +80.9 kg). Also, Dragomir 113021400, Cadenz Red 114151975 and Epik DE348025783 are characterized by a high degree of consolidation (Kс = 0.323 … 0.379) with neutral influence on the herd in the specified age period. Analysis of the results of the evaluation of the exterior of cows in the herd shows that a more noticeable manifestation of prepotency by measurements of first-heifers (height at withers, height at rump, height at chest, width of chest, length of trunk) was found in bulls Kantsler Red 768305280, Jansker 345199616 Kadisko Red 578904182, Campino Red 112825601, Ducata 125 and Dragomir 113021400. Assessing the consolidation of bulls on the basis of linear descriptive features of the body structure of daughters, namely their final assessment, the most noticeable manifestation of prepotency with higher-than-average manifestation was observed in bulls Shirley 447860719 and C. E. Altadeсree 64633889. The bulls Trener 6064 (Kc = 0.349; d = -5,6) and Artist 4501 (Kc = 0.306; d = -6,0) had a pronounced negative impact on the body type of daughters on average. Also, the bulls of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed Tsvitok 435, Surguch 6500134711 and Dragomir Red 113021400 proved to be prepotency type improvers with a fairly high degree of consolidation (Kс = 0.265 … 0.315). According to most of the studied features, the highest improving effect was obtained from bulls Shirley 447860719 and C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 Holstein breed and Tsvitok 435 and Surgucha 6500134711 among the bulls of Ukrainian Red dairy breed. On average, according to the 30 signs taken into account, bulls Tsvitok 435 (Kc = 0.288), Bestus 348313870 (0.254), Jansker 345199616 (0.254), Campino Red 112825601 (0.249), Jupiter 27640964506 (0.246) and Surguch 6500134711 (0.243) have the highest level of prepotency. The daughters of the Misiats 6333 (Kc = 0.043), Dukat 125 (0.172), Dragomir Red 113021400 (0.188), Besson 393035302 (0.195) and Artist 4501 (0.196) had the lowest phenotypic consolidation. Conclusions. In determining the breeding value of bulls, it is advisable to assess their prepotency on individual grounds. Among bulls of Holstein breed the greatest improving effect on the considered signs was noted in C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 and Shirley 447860719, and among breeders of Ukrainian Red dairy breed in Tsvitok 435 and Surguch 6500134711. On average, according to the 30 signs taken into account, bulls Tsvitok 435 (Kc = 0,288), Bestus 348313870 (0.254), Jansker 345199616 (0.254), Campino Red 112825601 (0.249), Jupiter 27640964506 (0.246) and Surguch 6500134711 (0.243) have the highest level of prepotency. On average, the highest level of prepotency was observed on the basis of live weight of heifers at the age of 18 and 12 months.
Introduction. In the field of dairy farming, the prospect of improving the breeding characteristics of the herd will primarily depend on the successful selection of bulls for its reproduction, as it is proved that the role of heredity in the genetic improvement of breeds reached 90–95%. Therefore, the intensive use of leading bulls with high breeding value is the main means of selective improvement of livestock in modern dairy farming with any systems and methods of breeding. The question of determining the degree of realization of breeding value of bulls under the condition of stable transmission of hereditary information to offspring, namely prepotency improvement on productive traits in a particular herd, is quite motivated, which was the purpose of our research. Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted in a breeding herd for breeding Ukrainian Red and Black-and-White dairy cattle and Holstein breeds of AF "Svitanok" Maryinsky district of Donetsk region. For the analysis, the electronic information database of SMDC ʺORSECʺ as of November 2021 was used. The analysis included information on milk productive, reproductive ability and exterior of 1215 first-heifers in 2007–2020 calving years and the intensity of live weight of heifers up to one and a half years of age. Research results. Calculation of the average manifestation of the considered features of certain groups of half-sibs was found that the highest improving effect on milk yield and milk fat and milk protein for 305 days of the first lactation was found using Holstein bulls C. E. Altadeсree 64633889, Shirley 447860719 and Besson 393035302, Ukrainian Red dairy breed Tsvitok 435 and Surguch 6500134711. Of the identified improvers higher than the average level of relative narrowing of variability in the offspring was found in bulls Shirley 447860719 (Kc = 0.380 … 0.383), C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 (Kc = 0.316 … 0.330) and Tsvitok 435 (Kc = 0.303 … 0.314), which makes the most desirable their further use in the herd. Degraders of milk production of the firstborns were bulls Misiats 6333 and Ducat 125 Ukrainian Red dairy, Artist 4502 Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cattle, Trener 6064 Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle, Campino Red 112825601 and Jupiter 27640964506 Holstein breeds. In terms of live weight of daughters at different ages, the most noticeable consolidations were bulls Bestus 348313870, Ducat 125, Cadenz Red 114151975, C. E. Altadeсree 64633889, Campino Red 112825601 and Jupiter 27640964506. However, the daughters of bulls Ducat 125, Campino Red 112825601 and Jupiter 27640964506 at the age of 9, 12 and 18 months have a lower live weight compared to the average livestock (-11.5 to -79.4 kg). The most significant improving effect on the live weight of daughters in the herd at all ages is carried out by the bull C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 (from +0.1 to +80.9 kg). Also, Dragomir 113021400, Cadenz Red 114151975 and Epik DE348025783 are characterized by a high degree of consolidation (Kс = 0.323 … 0.379) with neutral influence on the herd in the specified age period. Analysis of the results of the evaluation of the exterior of cows in the herd shows that a more noticeable manifestation of prepotency by measurements of first-heifers (height at withers, height at rump, height at chest, width of chest, length of trunk) was found in bulls Kantsler Red 768305280, Jansker 345199616 Kadisko Red 578904182, Campino Red 112825601, Ducata 125 and Dragomir 113021400. Assessing the consolidation of bulls on the basis of linear descriptive features of the body structure of daughters, namely their final assessment, the most noticeable manifestation of prepotency with higher-than-average manifestation was observed in bulls Shirley 447860719 and C. E. Altadeсree 64633889. The bulls Trener 6064 (Kc = 0.349; d = -5,6) and Artist 4501 (Kc = 0.306; d = -6,0) had a pronounced negative impact on the body type of daughters on average. Also, the bulls of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed Tsvitok 435, Surguch 6500134711 and Dragomir Red 113021400 proved to be prepotency type improvers with a fairly high degree of consolidation (Kс = 0.265 … 0.315). According to most of the studied features, the highest improving effect was obtained from bulls Shirley 447860719 and C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 Holstein breed and Tsvitok 435 and Surgucha 6500134711 among the bulls of Ukrainian Red dairy breed. On average, according to the 30 signs taken into account, bulls Tsvitok 435 (Kc = 0.288), Bestus 348313870 (0.254), Jansker 345199616 (0.254), Campino Red 112825601 (0.249), Jupiter 27640964506 (0.246) and Surguch 6500134711 (0.243) have the highest level of prepotency. The daughters of the Misiats 6333 (Kc = 0.043), Dukat 125 (0.172), Dragomir Red 113021400 (0.188), Besson 393035302 (0.195) and Artist 4501 (0.196) had the lowest phenotypic consolidation. Conclusions. In determining the breeding value of bulls, it is advisable to assess their prepotency on individual grounds. Among bulls of Holstein breed the greatest improving effect on the considered signs was noted in C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 and Shirley 447860719, and among breeders of Ukrainian Red dairy breed in Tsvitok 435 and Surguch 6500134711. On average, according to the 30 signs taken into account, bulls Tsvitok 435 (Kc = 0,288), Bestus 348313870 (0.254), Jansker 345199616 (0.254), Campino Red 112825601 (0.249), Jupiter 27640964506 (0.246) and Surguch 6500134711 (0.243) have the highest level of prepotency. On average, the highest level of prepotency was observed on the basis of live weight of heifers at the age of 18 and 12 months.
Breeding Work With the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy Breed in the Sumy Region
Researches were carried out in breeding farms for the breeding of the Sumy inbred type of the Ukrainian black and white dairy breed. The total experimental herd is 1150 cows, 1120 heifers and 62 bulls. It has been established that the animals mainly come from breeders of four Holstein lines, such as Starbuck 352790 (28%), Bell 1667366 (27%), Chiff 1427381 (26%) and Elevation 1491007 (15%). In recent years, farms have mainly used breeders of three lines, unlike bulls of the Bell 1667366 line. The breeding value of breeders of different lines is slightly different. Bulls of two Holstein lines – Chiff 1427381 and Elevation 1491007 – have the advantage in terms of average breeding value in the amount of milk fat and protein. The country of origin has a significant influence on the breeding value of breeding bulls. Animals of German selection make up the majority of those used in breeding farms for the breeding of livestock of the Sumy inbred type. A somewhat smaller number of breeders come from the United States of America. The latter are superior to German bulls in terms of average breeding value, both in terms of the amount of milk and the amount of milk fat and protein. Progeny-descendants, which are more distant from the progenitor of the line, are characterized by a higher average breeding value in comparison with bulls, which are closer to the progenitor according to the pedigree. In order to create micropopulations with the desired genotypes for beta- and kappa-caseins, homozygous breeders with the A2A2 and BB genotypes are used at the State Enterprise of the Northeast Institute of Agriculture. The strength of influence of the researched factors on the breeding value is in the range of ή2=11.4-57.9%. The year of the bull’s birth and the distance from the progenitor of the line have the greatest influence on this indicator (Р<0.05-0.001). In order to preserve the population of the Sumy inbred type of the Ukrainian black and white dairy breed, it is necessary to apply the proposed measures, which include the use of genetic material of breeders of the Ukrainian black and white dairy breed and a certain set of biotechnological measures.
Linear type traits that characterize body development as the predictors of lifetime of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein cows
The researches were conducted in the aspect of studying the problem of dairy cows lifetime depending on the linear traits assessment of the conformation type. By the linear classification method were estimated firstborn cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy (UBWD) and Holstein (H) breeds. Descriptive traits of the conformation that characterize the overall body structure were studied: chest width, body depth, angularity, body condition, rear width and position. According to the research results, the relative variability of the descriptive type traits assessment with cow's lifetime was determined. The relative variability of chest width and cow's lifetime was curvilinear. Cows for chest width assessment of 4–7 score had a higher lifespan with a variability of 2704–2844 (UBWD) and 2688–2789 (H) days. The highest lifetime was in animals with an assessment for body depth development of 6-9 score with an unreliable predominance of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed cows, with the highest grades of both breeds 2824 (UBWD) and 2802 (H) days with an assessment of 9 score. Animals with an optimal angularity estimation of 5 score differed, lived the longest – 2842 (UBWD) and 2828 (H) days, while with increasing and decreasing score for this trait, the number of lifetime days of cows declined. According to the rump width assessment, lifespan was highest in cows with a 9 score – 2766 days (UBWD) and 2832 days (H). Cows of UBWD with the highest assessment for this body part development of 9 score were used on 592 (P <0.001), and Holstein on 708 (P <0.001) days longer compared to animals with 1 score. The maximum lifetime of animals with an average assessment for body condition of 5 score was 2842 (UBWD) and 2774 (H) days. Cows with body condition score below average lived and were used in the herd much longer than with a higher one. The degree of relationship variability between the assessment of these traits and the lifetime of animals depended on the specific body part. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, Holstein, linear type traits, lifetime.
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