No abstract

The prospects of using probiotics and prebiotics in the diets of military personnel in extreme conditions have been studied. Domestic and foreign publications were used as the research material using the database of the United States (US) National Library of Medicine, Medline, and PubMed search engine. The nutrition of military personnel in extreme conditions should aim to improve diets by including functional nutrition products in their composition, such as probiotics and prebiotics. Herein, presented the modern concept of targeted probiotics, as well as the advantages of metabolic probiotics (metabiotics). The study results of the combined prebiotic in military personnel under environmental and professional stress, as well as in crew members in a closed hermetic object, are presented. The positive effect of probiotics and prebiotics in persons of dangerous professions against the background of excessive physical exertion or having a reduced nutritional status was revealed. The study of the metabiotic Bactistatin confirmed its effectiveness as a means of nutritional and metabolic rehabilitation of military personnel with inadequate body weight. The inclusion in the diets of products that normalize the microbiom is recognized as one of the directions for improving the nutrition of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization military personnel. Probiotics and prebiotics in the US Army diets contributed to intestinal infection prevention and immune system strengthening, thereby increasing endurance, physical, and cognitive performance during combat stress, and thus improving adaptation in extreme conditions. Domestic and foreign experience in the use of probiotics and prebiotics in diets has shown the prospects of their use as a means to improve the health and the military-professional of military personnel in extreme conditions of life.

The purpose of the paper is to assess the influence of the nutritional factor on lipid metabolism in young military men. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were young conscripted men aged 19.3±1.2, who feed on combined arms ration (n=71). Lipid metabolism indicators (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoproteins and atherogenic index) were assessed in military men. For this purpose, chromatography-mass spectrometry (Beckman Coulter AU480 automatic biochemical analyzer) was used. The study was conducted in the consultative and diagnostic polyclinic of the medical and diagnostic center, Military Medical Academy. The assessment of the studied indicators was made 60 days apart in the autumn-winter period. Nonparametric methods were used for statistical processing of experimental data. Risk analysis of the potential influence of the nutritional factor on lipid metabolism was carried out. Results. Differences in the lipoprotein content in the servicemen blood serum at the beginning and end of trial were random. Levels of cholesterol levels and low density lipoproteins, as well as atherogenic index decreased significantly. Conclusion. During the study, no statistically significant negative changes in lipid metabolism were found. Risk assessment of potential violation of the nutritional status in young military men indicates a favorable effect of nutrition on their lipid metabolism.

Historical materials about the life and work of G.V. Khlopin, an outstanding scientist and hygienist, who created his own large scientific school. The main activity of which was the development of prevention and public hygiene. Biographical data are given, and scientific activity in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods is analyzed. The main directions of research work in the field of General hygiene, water supply hygiene, food hygiene, school hygiene, work in the field of anti-epidemic and anti-chemical protection are presented. The role of G.V. Khlopin in the formation and development of experimental hygiene is emphasized. The article describes his many-sided activities as a Professor of the Department of hygiene at the Military medical Academy, as well as his organizational and pedagogical activities, which laid the foundations for teaching hygiene at the higher medical school based on numerous textbooks and manuals published by him. The author notes the encyclopedic nature of knowledge, the great erudition of the scientist in all matters of hygiene, his unflagging ability to work, which made it possible to create capital guidelines on hygiene based on the works of domestic researchers. Attention is drawn to the activities of G.V. Khlopin in the creation of the Institute of preventive Sciences named after Z.P. Solovyov, organized with the aim of improving the educational process and research activities, as well as his work as a consultant to the Main military sanitary Department of the Workers and peasants red Army. A high assessment of the work of G.V. Khlopin, who holds the rank of full state Councilor, for the benefit of Russia, is the award of the order of St. Nicholas. Vladimir and SV. Stanislav, and in the years of Soviet power conferring the honorary title of honored scientist.

The use of additional parameters obtained with the help of bioimpedance analysis allows correctly to establish or exclude the diagnosis of obesity when conducting a survey of men. We proposed the «fat mass index» index, which has the greatest sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of obesity. The use of ROC-analysis allowed setting threshold values (cut-off points) in samples of a number of bioimpedanceometry indicators for diagnosing obesity according to known grades of body mass index according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Thus, for the visceral fat area, this boundary corresponds to 103,95 cm2, the fat mass index is 7,33 kg / m2, the fat mass is 22,45 kg, the percentage of body fat is 24,55% and the degree of abdominal obesity is0, 94%. Exceeding the above thresholds can be used as additional criteria for diagnosing obesity. The existence of phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity of persons with normal body weight and obese patients is shown. It was confirmed that 93,3% of patients are metabolically unwell, and 6,7% are metabolically healthy. A similar pattern is also observed with normal body weight: a larger pool (92,4%) is metabolically healthy, and a small proportion of people (7,6%) are metabolically unwell. At present, normative values do not exist for all parameters obtained with the help of bioimpedance analysis; therefore, in the complex survey of men, the use of the optimal cut-off threshold for the studied indicators will help to identify individuals with true obesity. The results obtained should increase the diagnostic value of biomedance analysis of body composition and help to conduct an effective evaluation of curative and preventive measures for obesity by comparing the considered indicators in dynamics.