The results of satellite monitoring of pollution in the Russian sector of the Azov-Black Sea basin in 2003-2007 are considered. Within the framework of this work, a technology of monitoring the state and pollution of the water environment from satellite information received during this period from Russian and foreign satellites has been developed. With this technology, the coastal pollution parameters and hydrometeorological characteristics of the water environment in the area of observation were mapped operationally; 14 types of different satellite information products were issued daily; and the results were generalized over 3 days, ten days, a month, and a period of observation. Long-term satellite monitoring makes it possible to determine and analyze typical situations of pollution distribution in the coastal waters and to detect new circulation elements that transport pollutants, thus purifying the water environment. For example, for the first time, it was found from satellite data that the contribution of a small-scale circulation of waters of the Russian sector of the Black Sea to the transport and distribution of pollutants is commensurable with the contribution of the Main Black Sea Current and coastal anticyclonic eddies. The regularities in the dynamics of pollution distribution promote the increased reliability of charting of the environmental situation, including the prediction of dynamics of pollution spreading.
Main principles are considered of formation of special files on observed hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena (HHP) and adverse weather, along with experience of Roshydromet in standardization of registration and reports on their damaging effects. The first base is designed on the basis on hazardous phenomena registered by the hydrometeorological stations according to authorized criteria regardless the damaging effects on economy and population; these data are collected and stored in the State Data Foundation. These are special climatic data series on HHP from the stations; they are used in the studies of extreme and hazardous weather. The second base collects information on adverse and hazardous weather causing economic and social damage, irrespective of the HHP criteria reached or not. Distribution is presented of total case number of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena causing social and economic damage during 1991-2008.During the whole history of humanity, the life of the society depends on climate and its changes, that is, on the weather conditions, as the climate is formed by weather. This is natural condition of economic development, its dependence on weather.The decisions, made by the governments and based on available hydrometeorological information (especially the forecasting information) and on analytical reviews, affect life and prosperity of millions people worldwide. This is an indisputable fact; numerous studies [1-5, 8, 9, 11, 14-21] demonstrate important role of the weather services in stable development of economy and society.Effects of adverse hydrometeorological conditions (in particular, adverse weather (AW 1 ) and HHP) on economy became, during last decades, significant and often extremely dangerous and ruinous. In a number of cases, as real data show, this causes instability in operation of the economic system or its separate regional sections, which disturbs normal dynamic development of the society ([1, 2, 4-6, 16, 17, 19, 20] and others). Effect of a single natural disaster on industrial infrastructure of a separate city or region can drive back its normal functioning and even development for several years.According to information of the Center for Studies of Disaster Epidemiology (CSDE), during the decade of 1992-2001, about 90% of all natural disasters were caused by meteorological or hydrological processes. Economic damages due to floods and adverse weather have been estimated to reach 446 billion USD, or 65% of damage of all natural disasters.According to other statistical information, during 1994-2004, natural disasters caused total damage exceeding 730 billion USD, and more than 1100 million people have suffered. The situations which affect national economies so that the damage exceeds 1% of the gross home product (GHP), sometimes reaching its large part (the damage in Honduras in 1998 reached one third of GHP [6]), cause serious concern of the international organizations assisting economical development.
Technology of space monitoring of the state of water bodies and results of its application for studying the Azov-Black Sea basin in 2008 are considered. Based on the processing of more than 1000 satellite images and ground-based station data, basic characteristic features of the marine environmental pollution are determined which are connected with suspension dispersion, phytoplankton and algae growth, ship dumping of oil products (more than 62 oil patches were revealed), etc. The influence of dynamic structures in the coastal zone on the spatiotemporal distribution of the sea surface pollution parameters, and their contribution to mechanisms of water purification and self-purification are estimated. In particular, new data are obtained about the evolution of "Caucasian anticyclones," about the dates of intensification of the Main Black Sea Current, and about features of coccolithophore bloom in the abyssal area of the Black Sea, etc.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.