The paper considers the safety of operating hydraulic structures for reclamation. Such research is imperative today due to the high risk of accidents at such structures. Meeting the technical, economic, environmental, and aesthetic requirements to hydraulic structures is absolutely necessary; otherwise, significant damages may ensue. Hydraulic structures (HS) are operated in two ways of organizing the maintenance and repairs: periodic inspections to check the condition of HS elements and find whether repairs are necessary; and carrying out pre-scheduled repairs and adjustments. Analysis of the two methods reveals that scheduled preventive repairs can ensure the fail-safe and reliable operation of hydraulic structures, and are therefore fundamental to proper operation.

At present, a large number of hydraulic structures have been erected on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, which are classified as hydrodynamic hazardous facilities. Accidents at these facilities are sources of man-made emergencies. A number of hydraulic structures on the territory have been in operation without reconstruction for more than 70 years. The problem of ensuring the safety of hydraulic structures remains not fully understood and relevant today. Basically all hydraulic structures are located within or above settlements and are objects of increased risk. The consequences of a catastrophic flood can be aggravated by accidents at potentially dangerous facilities falling into its zone. The damage caused by such floods can amount to tens of millions of rubles. Incomplete destruction of the dam, when the safe operation of the structure is no longer possible, can lead to serious economic losses as a result of the cessation of energy production, hydraulic regulation and water collection in the reservoir. Careful monitoring is required in order to identify any possible emergencies. One of the solutions in this situation is the use of various methods for predicting emergency situations at hydraulic structures. In this regard, in the work, the authors have adapted a mathematical model based on Markov chains, which is distinguished by the efficiency of calculations and a high degree of approximation to statistical data. This model makes it possible to predict the state of hydraulic structures when the data on the water level and the volume of infiltration in the hydraulic structure changes. Based on the adapted model, the results of forecasting the water level for real hydraulic structures were obtained.

To date, there is a problem with the safe operation of aircraft, namely with the safe evacuation of people in flight mode and during their landing from aircraft. The article discusses aspects of the use of fiber-optic and aeroacoustic technologies built into the general concept of a fiber-acoustic control system for assistance in safely jettison or dropping a bladder type fuel cell from a helicopter fuselage in an aviation emergency. The ability to control the parameters of speed, temperature, acoustic and optical noise, in case of deviation of the geometry of their bladder type fuel cell shapes, with an increase in speed, or critical pitch, shifting the level at which it is possible to drop filled bladder type fuel cell to enable a hard landing of an aircraft in an emergency.

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