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Theoretical and experimental studies on guided-wave acousto-optic (AO) Bragg diffraction in a composite indium gallium arsenide phosphide (InGaAsP) planar waveguide were carried out. In this letter, the experimental results of the excitation and propagation of a 〈110〉-directed surface acoustic wave (SAW) at the center frequency of 167 MHz, and the AO Bragg diffraction at a 1.31 micron wavelength in In0.22Ga0.78As0.47P0.53 waveguide are reported. An AO Bragg diffraction efficiency as high as 14% was achieved at an acoustic drive power of 8.5 mW with an interaction length (transducer aperture) of only 1.0 mm. Two orders of magnitude improvement in the Bragg diffraction efficiency versus rf drive power should be achievable by the optimization of the SAW transducer and the optical waveguide parameters.