Smooth muscle tissue represents a complicated and dynamical ensemble of smooth muscle cells characterized by different structural-methabolical parameters. In the composition of smooth muscle tissue a group of cell elements (cells of Cajal, ICC) is incorporated. Their structural organization and localization in smooth muscle tissue allow to consider them an important component of the system responsible for functional activity regulation. The goal of the study was to get a reliable technology for ICC isolation. The method of the alkaline cell dissociation was used. Isolated smooth cells of different organs were studied. Our findings have shown that the cells we have got by the method of cell dissosiation had clear stable morphological parameters of the interstitial cells of Cajal.

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We have studied transformation of smooth muscular tissue (SMT) of the uterus wall of rats after delivery and used the light and electronic microscopy and the immunohistochemical method. The study of different parts of the uterus in the process of involution has shown different levels of SMT structure functional reorganization. It can be explained by different speed of the involutive processes and peculiarities of the loading functions. The complete involution of the myometrium of the rats’ horns was reached in 7 days after delivery. The same process in the cervix took more time, and correlated increased small cells population. We found that disappearance of large cells became the main factor of SMT reconstruction in all the parts of the uterus during the period after the delivery, the large cells were characterized by a low level of adaptation to the changing factors. The mechanism of the cells disappearance and reconstruction of the population structure depended on apoptosis and proliferation of smooth muscular cells.

We have carried out a comparative study of human smooth muscle cells of segments of the bronchial tree and the urinary system in norm and under functional load and in change of functional load according to the obstructive type. There have been revealed general principles of organization of smooth muscles of these organ systems. Reactive transformation of smooth muscle depends on a type and intensity of the pathogenic factor. It has been shown as an alteration of the cell population structure and metabolic parameters of the smooth muscle in obstructive disturbances.