Copper nanoparticle Cu (d = 55 ± 15 nm) and CuO nanoparticles (d = 90 ± 10 nm) were used in the studies (OOO Platina, Russia). Using the method of pure cultures, we extracted Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Enterobacterium from the intestines of broilers. Additionally, strains of Bacillus subtilis 10641 and Bifidobacterium were involved in probiotic strains. The data obtained in the course of the study testify to the insignificant biotoxicity of copper nanoparticles with respect to representatives of the genera Lactobacillus (30 to 15 μg/ml) and Bifidobacterium (30 μg/ml), with the most sensitive bacteria being the genus Lactobacillus, for which a concentration of 7.5 μg/ml was subinhibitory. The second stage was the study using method of agar wells. In the course of the experiment, we obtained results confirming the data of the research by the serial dilution method. In this case, as in the first case, the data indicate the insignificant biotoxicity of copper nanoparticles in relation to representatives of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. We have studied the bioaccumulating ability of microorganisms of the studied metals. In all the studies carried out, as in the first series of experiments, representatives of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium with the lowest bioaccumulative ability were the most sensitive to copper nanoparticles and were 3.1 and 8.2%, respectively. The use of nanoparticles as a component of the fodder additive in small concentrations does not adversely affect not only the probiotic strains, but also the main representatives of the normoflora (Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Enterobacterium) of the poultry, the positive effect of the copper nanoparticles being directly related to low level of dissociation of nanoparticles, since biologically active ions will be released much more slowly, thereby creating a prolonged effect of exposure.

Water and soil pollution by heavy metals has led to their accumulation in the ground and waters, to a sharp decline of ecosystem biopotential, and to foodstuff contamination, resulting in internal pollutions in bodies of humans and animals with food, air, water. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to examine the impact of heavy metals on the growth of representatives of rats’ intestinal microbiota and to estimate sorption characteristics of these microorganisms. The research was conducted in three stages: i) a study of essential and xenobiotic elements’ biotoxicity; ii) their impact on the growth of the microbiota in periodic cultivation; and iii) studying bioaccumulative characteristics. In the research, we discovered that all investigated organisms had pronounced resistance to lead and iron, which was confirmed by the results of the evaluating the impact on the growth and the accumulating characteristics of the studied microorganisms (more than 50%). The strain of E. faecium has the most pronounced sorption characteristics – its level of accumulation amounted for iron –63.3%, lead – 61%, zinc – 38.4%, copper – 11.4%, and cadmium – 33.2%, minimum values were obtained in samples of L. acidophilus, which sorbed these elements in concentrations of 46.2%, 42.3%, 10.3%, 3.8%, and 5.3%, respectively.

Lead is one of the most dangerous xenobiotic elements. It is actively accumulated not only in the environment, the distribution of lead in the water-soil-plant-animal-man chain directly depends on the initial content of elements in the geochemical province and is directly related to the health of the population.[1]. This paper presents the results of a study of the biotoxicity of lead cations in the structure of salts with different anionic components in relation to bacteria of the genus Bacillus, which are part of the probiotic preparations. These microorganisms are representatives of the soil microflora and are transitory to the organism of animals and humans. When conducting research, methods such as the agar wells were used, which not only visually but also qualitatively evaluate the effect of metal cations on the growth of the microorganisms studied, the colorimetric method was used to assess the effect of the element under study on the growth of the microorganism population, and the atomic absorption method made it possible to study accumulating characteristics of the studied bacteria. As a result of research, it has been established that lead acetate has a more pronounced toxic effect on the microorganisms under study. It should be noted that lead, which is present in the medium in high concentrations, does not have an inhibitory effect on bacterial strains; we associate this with the detoxification mechanisms of bacteria. The accumulating ability of microorganisms of the Bacillus genus of lead cations from nutrient substrates 24 hours after their cultivation in the presence of this element has high sorption characteristics with a percentage of its accumulation of more than 50%, the most active lead accumulates B. subtilis 534 with 66.3%, and the minimum values were recorded in B. amyloliquefaciens 10642 and amounted to 53.2%.

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The article presents a systematic approach to solving production problems is the most striking difference between the modern algorithm of planning technological processes from similar schemes of industrial society. This fully applies to modern technological solutions for the construction of production lines in the industry. A significant mass of the substance remaining after food production is nothing more than secondary resources and requires either recycling or deeper processing for further use in animal feeding. The problem of waste disposal is becoming increasingly important worldwide. Interest in it is caused by the depletion of certain types of raw materials and the possibility of obtaining products from secondary raw materials (SM) of sufficiently high quality with the lowest production costs. One of the promising areas is the development of technology for the production of new competitive feed additives from waste processing industry, providing a significant increase in the bioavailability of nutrients from diets. The basic concept of formation of the proposed methodology the creation of a highly efficient technology for processing waste into feed components is based on a methodological complex of studies of the preparation of a highly nutritious feed mixture. This set covers the whole of the system as a whole with technological approaches and high-quality output. According to the presented variants of ultrasonic waste processing, the end-to-end layout of processing lines for processing sunflower and wheat bran for feed, in which the full cycle of production and processing of the product with a continuous transition of processed raw materials from one process operation to another, is carried out.