Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop with largest area under cultivation in India and plays a significant role in economic stability of the country. Many insect pests attack wheat in India, severe damage is caused by aphids as serious pest of wheat crop which cause yield losses either directly (35-40%) by sucking the sap of the plants or indirectly (20-80%) by transmitting viral and fungal diseases. They can multiply very rapidly under favourable conditions on leaves, stems and inflorescence. The infestation causes severe distortion of leaves and inflorescence and can significantly decrease the yield through direct feeding. The production of chlorophyll (green colour) is prevented by the attack of aphid resulting in curling of leaves and delayed head emergence causing improper maturity of grains. The aphid incidence level differed in different cultivars of wheat. The resistance of crop is an index of the balance that exists between the preference of the pest for crop and its antibiosis against it. The mechanical barriers possessed by the plants which prevented insects from feeding or ovipositing on them. The infestation significantly affected the root dry weight, number and height of tillers and number of spikes per head. Leaf epicutticular wax, ultra structure and leaf trichome were different on susceptible wheat cultivar and resistant cultivar. Leaf trichome density and position may act as a physical obstracle to the Russian wheat aphid feeding. An increased amount of glutamic acid, glutamine, alpha amino butyric acid, phenylalanine and proline and less methionine, produce resistance in wheat plants against aphids. Hydroxamic acids (Hx) have been shown to be a major biochemical mechanism of resistance of wheat to aphids, acting through antibiosis and feeding deterrency.

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Field experiments were conducted during Rabi 2012-13 to 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, Maharashtra, India to determine the efficacy of promising insecticides used for seed treatment for the management of wheat pests. The insecticides

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In order to assess the nutrient requirement of wheat after grain maize was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra during 2014-15 to 2016-17. During kharif season, maize (cv. Rajeshree) for grain purpose was sown by applying of recommended dose of fertilizers (120:60:40 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha -1 ). In rabi season wheat crop was sown with five treatments viz. absolute control, recommended dose of fertilizers (120:60:40 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha -1 + FYM 10 t ha -1 ), fertilizer application as per soil test basis, 125 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizers and 150 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizers. The pooled results of three years experiment revealed that application of 150 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizers to wheat crop produced significantly higher grain (40.28 q ha -1 ) and straw (55.50 q ha -1 ) yields over absolute control. It was at par with the treatment application of 125 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizers (38.27 q ha -1 ) and fertilizer application as per soil test basis (37.44 q ha -1 ). The soil available major nutrients viz. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, after harvest of wheat, were observed higher in the treatment of 150 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizers compared to initial status of the soil.