The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections upon Indonesian health care workers (HCWs) is unknown due to the lack of systematic collection and analysis of mortality data specific to HCWs in this setting. This report details the results of a systematic compilation, abstraction and analysis of HCW fatalities in Indonesia during the first 18 months of COVID-19. HCW who passed away between March 2020 and July 2021 were identified using Pusara Digital, a community-based digital cemetery database dedicated to HCW. We calculated the mortality rates and death risk ratio of HCWs versus the general population. The analysis indicates that at least 1,545 HCWs died during the study period. Death rates among males and females HCWs were nearly equivalent (51% vs. 49%). The majority were physicians and specialists (535, 35%), nurses (428, 28%), and midwives (359, 23%). Most deaths occurred between the ages of 40 to 59 years old, with the median age being 50 years (IQR: 39–59). At least 322 deaths (21%) occurred with pre-existing conditions, including 45 pregnant women. During the first 18 months of COVID-19 in Indonesia, we estimated a minimum HCW mortality rate of 1.707 deaths per 1,000 HCWs. The provincial rates of HCW mortality ranged from 0.136 (West Sulawesi) to 5.32 HCW deaths per 1,000 HCWs (East Java). The HCW mortality rate was significantly higher than that of the general population (RR = 4.92, 95% CI 4.67–5.17). The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia resulted in the loss of many hundreds of HCWs, the majority of whom were senior healthcare workers. The HCW mortality rate is five times that of the general population. A national systematic surveillance of occupational mortality is urgently needed in this setting.

The current systematic review was performed to determine the specific burdens placed on families of individuals with schizophrenia. Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL databases were searched, resulting in 21 articles that met inclusion criteria. Results showed that treatment of individuals with schizophrenia poses a burden on families. Most caregivers experienced emotional and financial problems that affected their quality of life. Influencing factors in caregivers were age, sex, educational level, family status, income, time spent with the individual per day, knowledge regarding schizophrenia, attitude, and psychological stress. Influencing factors in individuals with schizophrenia were age, sex, severity of illness, social function, and treatment adherence. Environmental factors were stigma, social support, and professional support from health care providers. Family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia need to be empowered to improve resilience and acceptance in caring for these individuals. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61 (2), 38–43.]

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections upon Indonesian health care workers (HCWs) remains unclear, as mortality data specific to HCWs is not systematically collected or analyzed in this setting. This report describes findings from a systematic collation, abstraction and analysis of HCW fatalities during the first 18 months of COVID-19 in Indonesia. HCW who died during the period of March 2020 to July 2021 across Indonesia were identified on Pusara Digital, a community web-based digital cemetery database dedicated to HCW. We calculated mortality rates and death risk ratio among HCWs and the general population. Qualitative methods explored concerns regarding mortality among HCWs. The analysis suggests that at least 1,545 HCWs died during the study period. The death of males and females HCWs were almost equally distributed (51% vs. 49%). Most were medical doctors and specialists (535, 35%), nurses (428, 28%), and midwives (359, 23%). Deaths most frequently occurred in the age group of 40 to 59 years old with the median age of 50 years (IQR: 39-59). At least 322 (21%) deaths occurred with pre-existing conditions, including 45 who were pregnant. We estimated a minimal HCW mortality rate in Indonesia at 1.707 deaths per 1000 HCW during the first 18 months of COVID-19. Provincial HCW mortality rates ranged from 0.136 (West Sulawesi) to 5.32 HCW deaths per 1000 HCWs (East Java). HCW had a significantly higher mortality rate than the general population (RR = 4.92, 95% CI 4.67 – 5.17). The COVID-19 event in Indonesia resulted in the loss of many hundreds of HCWs, most of them being senior physicians, nurses, and midwives. The HCW death rates is 5-times higher than everyone else. The sheer sparseness of the workforce requires more protective steps and a national systematic surveillance of occupational mortality is urgently needed in this setting.

People with Schizophrenia frequently live with their families. Family is required to support schizophrenia patients. However, Family caregivers who take care of patients with schizophrenia tend to have burdens and stigma. Burden among family caregivers had an effect on the decreased quality of life. The purpose of this study was to describe the quality of life among family caregivers of schizophrenia patients. This study was a cross-sectional design. The inclusion criteria of this study were family caregivers with Schizophrenia outpatients in Menur Mental Hospital. The total sample in this study was 160 family caregivers using a simple random sampling technique. We collected the data from June to July 2021. We used the Schizophrenia Care Giver Quality of Life Questionnaire (S-CGQoL) to measure the quality of life among care givers. All data were inputted in SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean, median, frequency, standard deviation, and percentage of variables. Most of the family caregivers had a very good quality of life (41.3%). The sociodemographic showed that most of the participants were female (54.4%), adult (55.0%), had senior high school degrees (51.9%), unemployed (45.6%), and the majority gender of patients was female (47.5%). In addition, all of the participants regularly check-up at Menur Mental Hospital (100.0%). Managing quality of life among family caregivers is required to provide for patient needs and the well-being of family caregivers.

Background: Family holds an important role in the care of patient’s health against a disease or illness. The majority of pulmonary TB (tuberculosis) patients have poor social support systems and compliance. Problems with pulmonary TB patients have an impact on families and family unpreparedness, lack of family knowledge about tuberculosis, and the impact of discrimination (stigma) are some of the factors that need to be considered. The family resilience model to improve the compliance of pulmonary TB patients in carrying out treatment programs still requires further study. Research Objectives: To develop a model of family resilience as an effort to improve compliance to treatment for pulmonary TB patients. Research Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design. It was conducted in the work areas of Puskesmas in Surabaya City from August to December 2019. A sample of families with pulmonary TB patients containing 160 respondents was calculated using the Rule of Thumb formula, using a multistage random sampling technique. Research variables included: 1) individual factors: age, gender, education, knowledge, position of the patient in the family, personal motivation, 2) family factors: family type, family structure, family health care function, 3) social factors: social support, stigmas, 4) family stressors, including loss, illness and care, tension, 5) individual stress, including depression, anxiety, stress, 6) family stress, 7) family problem solving and coping skills, 8) family resilience, including survival, adaptation, acceptance, growing stronger, helping others, 9) individual belief, including susceptibility, severity, barriers, benefits, cues to action and self-efficacy, and 10) medication compliance included medication compliance and BTA conversion results. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was developed and analyzed using SEM-PLS. Research Results: The family resilience model as an effort to improve treatment compliance for pulmonary TB patients was a fit model with good predictive relevance (SRMR=0.053<0.081; NFI=0.919>0.90; Q2>0). Individual factors (t-stat=3.048) and family stress (t-stat=4.923) have an effect on the pulmonary TB patients. Individual stress (t-stat=2.642) and family resilience (t-stat=5.163) have an effect on individual beliefs. Patient factors (t-stat=2.429), family factors (t-stat=2.999), social factors (t-stat=2.745), and family stressors (t-stat=3.345) have an effect on family stress. Family stress affects family problem solving and coping skills (t-stat t=3.606). Problem solving ability and family coping skills affect family resilience (t-stat=2.116). Family resilience affects medication compliance (t-stat=7.407), while the patient's belief affects compliance (t-stat=2.881). Conclusions: There is better increased compliance to treatment through family resilience compared to individual beliefs of pulmonary TB patients. Family plays an important role in the care of sick family members, and one of the family functions is health care. Family as a group can cause, prevent, ignore, or remedy health problems in the group.