The aim of the study was to identify the cholesterol-lowering activity of indigenous lactic acid bacteria isolated from the small intestine, cecum, and colon of Indonesian native chickens and evaluated for bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in vitro by using MRS media added taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and CaCl 2 . The quantitative measurement of cholesterol-lowering activity of LAB was investigated by using soluble cholesterol containing MRS broth (100 µg/mL of cholesterin) and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Cholesterol content in supernatant was analyzed using microplate reader. The highest percentage of cholesterol reduction found in isolates from colon of native chicken with the value of 17.43% and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. Based on phylogenetic tree analysis, this isolate was closely related to L. plantarum strain LGFCP4 (accession number KM199683.1) isolated from GIT of Guinea fowl from India. It could be concluded that L. plantarum AKK-30 had cholesterol-lowering activity.
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Eksplorasi imbuhan pakan organik untuk ternak saat ini terus dilakukan untuk menggantikan antibiotik sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan. Probiotik dari bakteri asam laktat telah digunakan secara luas untuk mendukung keseimbangan mikroba saluran pencernaan. Selain itu, mineral organik ditambahkan pada pakan untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan dalam mencegah kelainan metabolisme akibat defisiensi mineral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penambahan probiotik (Pediococcus acidilactici RS2) dan mikromineral terkorporasi khamir/micromineral enriched yeast (MEY) yang dikombinasikan dengan tanin dari daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap fermentabilitas rumput Raja (P. hybrid) dengan menggunakan teknik produksi gas in vitro. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (kontrol/hijauan tanpa imbuhan), P1 (P0+MEY); P2 (P0+MEY+tanin); P3 (P0+Probiotik); P4 (P0+Probiotik+MEY), dan P5 (P0+Probiotik+MEY+tanin) yang disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan setiap perlakuan. Suplementasi MEY (P1), probiotik+MEY (P4) dan probiotik+MEY+tanin (P5) nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan produksi gas hijauan tanpa berpengaruh pada asam lemak volatil (VFA), jumlah protozoa, produksi metana dan kecernaan in vitro. Produksi gas tertinggi tercatat pada hijauan yang diberi perlakuan P4 diikuti P5, P1, P2, P3 dan kontrol. Pengaruh perlakuan terhadap kinetika produksi gas menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada inkubasi setelah 8 jam. Walaupun perlakuan hanya berpengaruh terhadap kinetika produksi gas (b, c dan total gas), berdasarkan analisis kluster-hirarki menunjukkan beberapa parameter yang terdiri dari asetat, propionat, kecernaan in vitro, jumlah protozoa dan produksi gas metana sangat berkorelasi dengan parameter kinetika produksi gas. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa fermentabilitas hijauan dapat ditingkatkan dengan suplementasi mineral organik maupun kombinasinya dengan probiotik maupun probiotik+tanin tanpa berpengaruh negatif terhadap kecernaan in vitro.
This study aimed to assay L. plantarum (P1), S. cerevisiae (P2), and its combination (P3) as probiotics candidates and their effects on nutrient digestibility in Japanese quails (Cortunix cortunix japonica) diets. In vitro assays were employed to evaluate the antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella pullorum), sensitivity to antibiotics (i.e., streptomycin, penicillin, and erythromycin), stress on bile salt and acidity condition. Evaluation of probiotics on in vivo nutrient utilization was carried out by administration of probiotics to laying quails in drinking water with various treatments (R0, control; R1, L. plantarum; R2, S. cerevisiae; R3, combination of R1+R2; R4, commercial feed additive). Results showed that the highest inhibitory activity was performed by P2 on S. aureus (17.28 mm). Treatments P2 and P3 were resistant to all the tested antibiotics, while P1 was resistant to streptomycin and penicillin. P1 was tolerant to bile salts whereas P2 was tolerant to gastric acidity conditions. For the in vivo experiment, quails fed R1, R2, and R4 had higher nitrogen retention as compared to R0 (p<0.05). However, all treatments revealed similar metabolizable energy values. The cluster analysis showed that quails consuming the combination of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae were within the same cluster with the control but different clusters from the individual probiotics across all parameters, indicating a possible antagonistic effect between the two species. In conclusion, the inclusion of L. plantarum or S. cerevisiae inhibits pathogenic bacteria without influencing nutrient utilization of quail diet.
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