Disordered eating behaviors (DEB) such as dieting, fasting, laxatives or diuretics abuse, self-induced vomiting and binge eating may lead serious physiological and psychological consequences in individuals. Epidemiological data helps to the understanding of the magnitude of this problem within population; however point prevalence rates and the trend of DEB are still a subject of constant debate. Therefore the aim of this study is to systematically review empirical studies that have estimated the prevalence of DEB in women and provide some methodological considerations for future epidemiological studies. The search of articles was made through MEDLINE and SCIENCE DIRECT databases from 2000 to 2013. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria 20 studies were reviewed. Results yielded that the point prevalence range of dieting (0.6---51.7%), fasting (2.1---18.5%) and binge eating (1.2---17.3%) are higher than purgative behaviors (0---11%). However finding a trend in DEB over time was difficult since methodologies were significantly different. Methodological considerations for future research in DEB are proposed.

Peers contribute to the development of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors, conditions that show their peak occurrence during the adolescence; however, literature has suggested that peers may influence since earlier ages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate peer influence, internalization of the body ideal, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors, in preadolescents vs. adolescents; and to analyze the peer influence in the development of disordered eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction. A total of 273 preadolescents and 175 adolescents' men and women answered four questionnaires, additionally weight and height was measured. The t Student test showed differences between groups only in body mass index, interaction with peers, internalization of body ideal and eating behaviors, being adolescents who obtained higher scores in the first three variables. Path analysis showed that in both groups peers influenced body dissatisfaction, which act as a mediator of disordered eating behavior. It is concluded that body dissatisfaction is not different between preadolescents and adolescents and in both groups peer influence was an important predictive factor.

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Peer influence predicted body dissatisfaction in children; however, children with obesity assimilate messages from their peers differently compared with children with normal weight.

Objectives: Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) can present with disruptive behavior, which is often a consequence of injury and parent factors. Parent factors are associated with child disruptive behavior. Furthermore, disinhibition in the child also leads to disruptive behavior. However, it is unclear how these factors interact. We investigated whether parental factors influence child disruptive behavior following ABI and how these factors interact. Methods: Parents of 77 children with ABI participated in the study. Parent factors (executive dysfunction, trait-anxiety), potential intervention targets (dysfunctional parenting practices, parental stress, child disinhibition), and child disruptive behavior were assessed. A hypothetical model based on the literature was tested using mediation and path analysis. Results: Mediation analysis revealed that child disinhibition and dysfunctional parenting practices mediated the association of parent factors and child disruptive behavior. Parents’ executive dysfunction mediated the association of dysfunctional parenting practices, parental stress and parent trait-anxiety. Parenting practices mediated the association of executive dysfunction and child disruptive behavior. Path analysis indices indicated good model adjustment. Comparative and Tucker-Lewis Index were >0.95, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.059, with a chi-square of 0.25. Conclusions: A low level of parental trait-anxiety may be required to reduce dysfunctional parenting practices and child disinhibition. Impairments in child disinhibition can be exacerbated when parents present with high trait-anxiety. Child disinhibition is the major contributor of disruptive behavior reported by parents and teachers. The current study provides evidence of parent anxiety and child disinhibition as possible modifiable intervention targets for reducing child disruptive behavior. (JINS, 2019, 25, 237–248)