<div class="WordSection1"><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Legal transplants in the form of ideas, concepts, solutions or structures, institutions, and methods, from one country to another has been a tendency in the development of the law in various parts of the world. Including Indonesia, has conducted legal transplants from various foreign legal system or any other country in the formation of various laws. Legal transplants in the perspective of comparative law and culture has potential mismatch between law and society, considering foreign law (the model) has material base differ with the recipient, such as Indonesia, the material and social base reflected in the values  of Pancasila or local law. Therefore, studies on this subject is very important, and in this study aims to analyze: (1) the form of transplantation of foreign law into the legal system of Indonesia (national law); (2) inevitability of legal convergence in the development of national law in the future. Theoretically, this study relates to theories of legal transplant or diffusion of law, in particular mixing legal system and harmonization or convergence. This study confirmed the legal transplant theories are constructed from practices in Western countries. For that purpose, this study methodologically used socio-legal research types (nondoctrinal / socio-legal research). Based on the  category of Esin Örücü, found that legal transplants in Indonesia occurred in various combinations of the most complex forms to simpler. Constitution as an example, transplant in the form of structures, institutions, and methods, in addition to the form of ideas, concepts, and solusion from Western law, both civil law system and common law systems. Legal transplants in Indonesia generally more formal process (formal diffusion) rather than substantive and make Western law have a dominant position. Local law and Pancasila under pressure of Western law. Therefore, the development of the law in the future must be built on a foundation of Jurisprudence as activity of theorizing, so that ideas, concepts, and solutions, as well as structures, institutions, and methods that can be characterized Pancasila as Western law competitor.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>legal transplants, harmonization, foreign laws, local laws, and Pancasila</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Transplantasi hukum dalam bentuk ide, konsep, solusi atau struktur, institusi, dan metode, dari satu negara ke negara lain telah menjadi kecenderungan dalam pembangunan hukum di berbagai belahan dunia. Tidak terkecuali Indonesia, telah melakukan transplantasi hukum dari berbagai sistem hukum asing atau negara lain dalam pembentukan berbagai undang-undang. Transplantasi hukum dalam perspektif perbandingan hukum dan budaya (<em>comparative law and culture</em>) potensial melahirkan ketidaksepadanan antara hukum dan masyarakat (<em>mismatch between law and society</em>), mengingat hukum asing (model) memiliki basis materiil hukum dan sosial berbeda dengan tempat dipindahkan atau penerima (<em>recipient</em>), seperti Indonesia, yang basis materiil dan sosialnya tercermin dalam Pancasila atau hukum lokal. Untuk itu, studi mengenai hal ini sangat penting dilakukan, dan dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) bentuk transplantasi hukum asing ke dalam tata hukum Indonesia (hukum Nasional); (2) keniscayaan kovergensi hukum dalam pembangunan hukum Nasional di masa datang. Secara teoritis, penelitian ini berhubungan dengan teori-teori transplantasi atau difusi hukum, khususnya pencampuran sistem hukum (<em>mixin</em><em>g legal system</em>) dan harmonisasi atau konvergensi hukum. Penelitian ini mengonfirmasi (<em>confirming</em>) teori-teori transplantasi hukum yang dibangun dari praktik-praktik di negara-negara Barat. Untuk tujuan itu, penelitian ini secara metodologis menggunakan jenis penelitian sosio-legal (nondoktrinal/<em>socio-legal research</em>), Dengan menggunakan kategori dari Esin Örücü, ditemukan bahwa transplantasi hukum di Indonesia terjadi dalam berbagai kombinasi bentuk dari yang paling kompleks sampai sederhana.</p></div><p>Konstitusi sebagai misal, mentransplantasi dalam bentuk struktur, institusi, dan metode, di samping bentuk ide, konsep, dan solusi hukum Barat, baik <em>civil law system </em>maupun <em>common law system</em>. Transplanatsi itu secara umum lebih banyak dilakukan secara formal (difusi formal) daripada substantif dan menempatkan posisi dominan hukum Barat. Hukum lokal dan Pancasila mengalami tekanan dari Hukum Barat . Oleh karena itu, pembangunan hukum di masa datang harus dibangun di atas pondasi <em>jurisprudence as activity of theorizing</em>, sehingga ide, konsep, dan solusi, maupun struktur, institusi, dan metode yang berkarakter Pancasila dapat menjadi pesaing hukum Barat yang dominan.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>transplantasi hukum, harmonisasi, hukum Asing, hukum lokal, dan nilai-nilai Pancasila</p><p> </p>

<p>The fulfillment of adequate housing is the part of the fulfillment of human rights as stated in the constitution. The state can not  ignore and have to do it when he has the ability to comply the adequate housing for poor people.  Adequate housing is more than material it is correlated with the human existence, hence it is categorized as human rights. As part of human rights, the fulfillment of this adequate housing is need to be respect, comply, and protect either by the state and society. The state need to take part to the fulfillment of adequate housing for those who can not afford it. As the state have the capability to realize the adequate housing for the poor, they can not ignore the human rights unfulfillment.  This research focused on law guarantee recognition and the pattern of the adequate housing fulfillment in Indonesia. It is revealed that the pattern is correlated with the state political law which is the policy in the form of laws and local regulation that decided the direction, purpose, and the law substance in housing. Beside its society, the policy also need the private sector involvement, as a result the fulfillment of the adequate housing rights has to be done by the three party.</p>

<p><em>Definitions and attributes of poverty has been too much attached to the economic aspects, especially measured by the level of income per capita, whereas the root of poverty is lack of access for poor people to participate in determining their own destiny in the decision making process for the purpose of policy formulation in various fields of life. Poverty should also include a lack of understanding and awareness of the law, mechanisms of assistance and legal assistance and access to the political process in decision making. If the poor are involved, then they will get p</em><em>rotection of</em><em> law. This is where the view on poverty from a legal perspective is becoming increasingly important. Poverty experienced by most women in Indonesia, especially women living in rural areas so that poverty limits the capacity of women to access justice. Poor access to justice is then further leads to further women trapped in poverty. Various studies and reports have revealed various obstacles that women face in accessing justice. The main obstacle is the general lack of awareness and understanding of their legal rights. To overcome these obstacles, one of the strategies to improve women's access to justice is legal empowerment or the empowerment law. In general, legal empowerment or the empowerment law is an effort aimed at strengthening the marginalized people, including in this case is a group of women, in order to improve their control over their lives, by making use of legal resources in the community and development activities related and not solely relying on legal institutions (formal). If women are empowered legally, then they get legal protection.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Legal Empowerment, Acess to Justice, Poverty, Women.</em></p>

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This study aims to analyze and review law and politic interactions in drafting legislation Keywords: law and politic, legislation, local interest. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkaji interaksi politik dan hukum dalam penyusunan legislasi daerah di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota Surakarta. Akan diuji konseptualisasi yang lazim diterima bahwa ada interaksi antara hukum dan politik dalam proses legislasi, sehingga perspektif yang digunakan adalah hukum tidaklah sekedar pengertian normatif, akan tetapi merupakan resultan yang dipengaruhi oleh tata interaksi dengan faktor-faktor lain. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif. Cara memperoleh data dilaksanakan dengan studi pustaka dan wawancara. Sebagai obyek pengamatan, maka dilakukan kajian dan analisis terhadap Peraturan Daerah Kota Surakarta yang dihasilkan kurun 2005-2010 dan untuk riset ini, dilakukan pemilahan ke dalam 3 rumpun yaitu Peraturan Daerah yang terkait dengan Pemungutan dan Perizinan, Aktivitas Pemerintahan, dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa Peraturan Daerah dalam rumpun aktivitas pemerintahan mempunyai pola yang sama terhadap masalah interaksi politik dan hukumnya dibandingkan Peraturan Daerah dalam rumpun pemungutan dan perizinan. Kesamaan itu nampak dalam Pada saat rapat kerja dengan Perangkat Daerah inilah interaksi sistem politik yang sebenarnya terjadi. Dalam interaksi tersebut akan terjadi proses tawar-menawar dan adu argumentasi dalam rangka memperoleh kesamaan persepsi antara Panitia Khusus dengan Perangkat Daerah terhadap substansi Rancangan Peraturan Daerah. Sementara itu, Peraturan Daerah dalam rumpun aktivitas sosial kemasyarakatan yang khususnya dijadikan obyek studi ini menunjukkan variasi fakta. Bilamana substansi aturan itu dianggap mencakup kepentingan masyarakat luas dan dapat dijadikan