Background: The new corona virus first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread around the world to other countries. The World Health Organization believes that this new CoV-19 epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020Worldwide.The mortality rate of this viral infection ranges from 2% in Pakistan to 14.4% in Italy. Lympopenia, elevated transminase, proteinuria, increased LDH, and C-reactive protein levels are all common laboratory findings in the early stages of the disease. Covid patients have experienced a variety of complications, including extreme pneumonia, ARDS, heart defects, sepsis and septic shock, and respiratory tract super infection. Methodology: This retrospective observational research study was carried out at the Gynecology Unit of MardanMedical Complex, Mardan and Combined Military Hospital, Risalpur for 06 months duration from April 2020 to September 2020. In a pre-constructed data collection form, biochemical and radiological parameters of medical history, test results, symptoms, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes were noted. Patients treated in an outpatient setting were not included in the study. Results: There were 121 patients in total, with mean age of 27 having standard deviation ± 5, having range 19-40 years. 48.3% pregnant women reported their first pregnancy(primigravida). 51.3% of SARS-Cov-2 were in their 3rd trimester while 34.7% were in their 35-40 weeks of gestational age. Common complications are gestational hypertension (PIH) (16 cases), hypothyroidism (14 cases) and gestational diabetes (GDM) 9 cases. More than half (53%) of patients are asymptomatic. Common symptoms are cough (22%) and fever (11%). The incidence of multiple organ failure was 2% as shown in table 01. Lymphopenia was common (84%). A CT scan of 24 patients showed bilateral invasion. Conclusion: COVID-19 has a negative impact on the foetus, according to our results. Although pregnant women do not seem to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 complications than non-pregnant adults, previous research has suggested that pregnant women could be at higher risk for negative pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, foetal pain and respiration, symptoms, and LBW in a newborn baby. Keywords: Corona virus, COVID-19, Pregnancy, Outcome.

Background: Globally, Post abortion and pregnancy complications such as sepsis, hemorrhage and hypertensive diseases are the prominent bases of maternal mortality. Post-abortion family planning and effective treatment for unintended pregnancies could provide high quality post-abortion care. Limited data available in Punjab, Pakistan regarding post-abortion care services in health system. Aim: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the post-abortion care services in health care system of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 226 post-abortion patients of multi health care centers of Punjab, Pakistan from November 2020 to April 2021. Individual’s history, age, demographic characteristics, reproductive history, post-abortion attitude were surveyed using pre-designed and structured questionnaire. Also, post-abortion care such as pain management, treatment cost, waiting time, service confidentiality, contraceptive device cost, and patient’s interaction as well as family planning were assessed. Stata software was used for data analysis. Results: Of all the post-abortion cases, 207 (91.6%) were found satisfactory regarding post-abortion care. Effective pain management during treatment, treatment cost affordability, proper waiting time (< 0.5 hours), patient’s effective interaction, service’s confidentiality, and premises cleanliness were statistically significant when correlated with satisfied women (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Our study found higher prevalence (91.6%) of post-abortion care satisfied women. However, effective treatment and regular follow-up should be assured for management of post-abortion complications such as services confidentiality, pain management, patient’s interaction and client’s optimal satisfaction with services. Keywords: Assessment, Post-abortion care, Health facilities

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of subcutaneous drains versus no drains in patients with repeated cesarean section. Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration: Conducted at Gyne & Obs Department, Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital Lodhran, during from 8-01-2020 to 8-08-2020. Methods: Total 90 pregnant women with repeated cesarean section were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 22-50 years. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases including age, body mass index, gestational age and parity were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were categorized into two groups, group I had 45 patients with subcutaneous drain and 45 patients of group II were without drain. Post-operative outcomes were assessed and compared among both groups. VAS was used to compare pain among both groups. SPSS 22.0 version was used to analyze the data. Results: Mean age of the patient in group I was 30.6±8.44 years with mean BMI 33.08±5.26 kg/m2 but in group II mean age was 29.03±7.37 years with mean BMI 31.12±11.58 kg/m2. Mean gestational age in group I was 37.9±3.9 weeks and in group II mean gestational age was 37.3±2.7 weeks. There was no any significantly difference in parity among both groups. Post-operative mean haemoglobin in group I was lower 7.9±1.6 gm% as compared to group II 8.11±0.4 gm%. Mean pain score in group I was 6.8±4.7 and in group II was 8.2±4.11. Prevalence of wound infection was greater in group II 5 (11.1%) as compared to group I 3 (6.7%). Hospital stay was shorter in group I 9.7±2.11 days as compared to group II 10.8±1.14 days. Frequency of superficial SSI and wound seroma were significantly higher among patients of group II. Conclusion: In this study we concluded that those patients who received subcutaneous drain undergoing cesarean section resulted low post-operative pain with fewer chances of wound infection as compared to the patients undergoing C-section without drain. Except this frequency of SSI and hospital stay was shorter among patients of drain group. Keywords: Cesarean, Drain, Wound Infection, Superficial Surgical Site Infection, Pregnant Women

Aim: To determine the maternal outcomes in women presented with severe pre-eclampsia. Study Design: Prospective/Observational Place and Duration: Obs & Gynae department of Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College and Hospital, Lahore and Kausar hospital/Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir’s Methods: Total 100 patients with ages 18 to 45 years presented with pre-eclampsia were included in this study. Patients detailed demographic including age, parity, gestational age, and body mass index were recorded after taking written consent. Patients complete blood picture was examined. Complications associated with preeclampsia were examined. Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Results: Out of 100 patients 23 (23%) were ages <20 years, 42 (42%) were ages 20 to 30 years, 30 (30%) were ages 31 to 40 years and 5 (5%) were ages above 40 years. 41 (41%) were primigravida while 59 (59%) were multigravida. Mean gestational age was 34.11±3.88 weeks. HELLP syndrome found in 21 (21%) patients, 11 (11%) patients had eclampsia, and 16 (16%) patients had placental abruption, coagulopathy found in 4 (4%) patients, 3 (3%) patients developed acute renal failure and 2 (2%) patients were died. Conclusion: It is concluded that pre-eclampsia is highly associated with major maternal complications such as HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, placental abruption and maternal mortality. Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, HELLP Syndrome, Placental Abruption, Eclampsia, Mortality

Purpose: The first step towards achieving the goals of the Child Health and Reproductive Health Program is to raise awareness and educate pregnant women about the essential features of basic and emergency maternity and neonatal care. Aims: To assess the level of knowledge on essential antenatal care among pregnant females. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan and Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital, Lodhran for the duration of six months from 16th August 2020 to 15th February 2021. Methods: This study was held among 110 pregnant women who arrived based on information on antenatal care in the literature. Participants were selected by simple random sampling, and data on “essential obstetrics care" information was collected through a structured interview program based on the mother-Child Protection Charter. Results: This study shows that 46.4% of participants have sufficient knowledge of the signs / symptoms of the dangers of pregnancy, 44.5% have sufficient knowledge of antenatal care and only 9.1% have sufficient knowledge of maternity care. It was found that knowledge of obstetric care is significantly related to the education level of pregnant women. Conclusions: The knowledge gap found in this study indicates the need to reassess the effectiveness of health education activities implemented through the health system and improve / renew the content and quality of health education materials in order to raise awareness among pregnant women. Keywords: Antenatal care, MCP card, Obstetrics care, Primary health care.