Introduction The aim of the study was to describe the process of neuron death in the cerebral cortex caused by embryonic carbofuran exposure. Material and Methods 81 mouse foetuses from 27 breeding mice were used in the study. Carbofuran was administered by gavage from the 6th to the 15th day of gestation to two groups: one at 0.0208 and the other at 0.0417 mg/kg b.w. On the 17th day, the mice were sacrificed and the foetuses were taken to measure the ROS (malondialdehyde/MDA and superoxide dismutase/SOD) activity in brain tissue, the number of apoptotic embryonic cerebral cortex neurons using a TUNEL assay, and necrotic cells using HE staining. Examination of p53 and caspase 3 expression was done by immunohistochemistry. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s test. Results Increased activity of cerebral ROS characterised by significant elevation of the MDA level (P < 0.05), decreased SOD (P < 0.01), increased p53 and caspase 3 expression, and cerebral cortical neuron death either by necrosis or apoptosis (P < 0.05) were found. At the low dose carbofuran increased expression of p53, caspase 3, and apoptosis. At the high dose it increased levels of MDA and necrosis. Conclusion Increased expression of p53 and caspase 3 and apoptosis indicated that carbofuran may cause apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. The increased apoptosis grants an opportunity to prevent and treat the effect of ROS due to gestational carbofuran exposure.

Globally, the leading cause of death from cancer in women is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). This calls for imperative actions to explore anticancer drugs against this threatening viral infection, in which case, natural ingredients are presumed to be a promising source. Several studies show that plant-origin compounds such as allicin, apigenin, capsaicin, cyanidin, fisetin, genistein, laricitrin, naringenin, piperine, and syringetin have demonstrated therapeutic effects against several cancer types. In this study, the interaction mechanism of these compounds with HPV-18 E6 oncoprotein, that is known to downregulate tumor suppressor p53, was predicted using an in silico approach. Molecular docking simulations of natural ligands and E6 protein were performe, followed by chemical interaction analysis and 3D molecular visualization. Results indicated that fisetin is the best natural inhibitor as it has the lowest binding energy. It is highly recommended that the results of this study be used as a reference in designing anticancer drugs in vitro and in vivo.

Background and Aim: Cervical cancer accounts for the fourth as a cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, with more than 85% of events and deaths occurring in developing countries. The main problems of chemotherapy are the lack of selectivity and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the signal transduction of chitosan-based Pinus merkusii bark extract nanoparticles (Nano-PMBE) as an anticancer on HeLa cell line. Materials and Methods: Nano-PMBE was prepared based on the ionic gelation method. Its anticancer activities in HeLa cells were investigated through cytotoxicity test, cell cycle, and apoptosis analysis. The expression of p53 and caspase-9 was also observed. Results: The results showed that Nano-PMBE has a size of 394.3 nm. Meanwhile, the Nano-PMBE was cytotoxic to HeLa cells ( IC50 of 384.10 μg/ml), caused G0/G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis in HeLa cells. Besides, the expression of p53 and caspase-9 has increased. Conclusion: The results showed a notable anticancer effect of Nano-PMBE by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells, suggesting that it might have therapeutic potential for cervical cancer. Further research is needed to find out more about the anticancer mechanism of Nano-PMBE in HeLa cells to in vivo and clinical studies.

Background: The productivity of laying hens is a key measurement in the laying hens business. One of the targets for laying hens is to achieve peak production. The optimal peak production period is necessary to attain the maximum profit. Purpose: To determine the productivity of laying hens strain Lohman Brown aged 25-49 weeks at CV. Lawu Farm Malang Regency as an evaluation of the peak production period. Case Analysis: The descriptive method with the case study technique was used. Primary data were obtained from observations by participating in direct livestock activities, interviews, and documentation, and secondary data were obtained from literature studies. The variables observed in this study were Hen Day Production, Feed Conversion Ratio, egg weight, and mortality. Results: Observation of laying hens productivity in CV. Lawu Farm showed that 71.42% of Hen Day Production value of the full cages had met the target with HDP of more than 92%, while 28.58% did not reach the peak production target by only getting HDP less than 90%. The FCR value was 2.4 – 2.15, the average egg weight wais 63.03 grams/egg, and the mortality was ≤3%. Conclusion: The productivity of laying hens of the Lohman Brown strain aged 24-59 weeks at CV. Lawu Farm has met production standards in terms of HDP, FCR, egg weight, and mortality.

Background: Making silage added with additives can improve the quality of silage nutrition and speed up the fermentation process. Molasses are widely used by farmers as additives for making silage. The use of molasses can be replaced with Fermented Mother Liquor (FML) in making silage. Purpose: to determine the effect of molasses addition on physical and chemical quality of corn plant silage given Fermented Mother Liquor (FML). Method: Observative data collection by making direct observations on making silage with two treatments consist of P0 (Corn Plant + 2% Fermented Mother Liquor (FML)) and P1 (Corn Plant + 2% Fermented Mother Liquor (FML) + 2% Molasses). The silage storage time was one week and on the seventh day observations were made on the physical and chemical quality of silage in each treatment. Result: The corn plant silage given fermented mother liquor (FML) without the addition of molasses produced better physical and chemical quality compared to corn plant silage given Fermented Mother Liquor (FML) with the addition of molasses. Conclusion: the corn plant silage given Fermented Mother Liquor (FML) only had better physical and chemical quality