The present study was undertaken to evaluate the physicochemical properties of honey produced by the Indonesian stingless bee: Tetragonula laeviceps. Sample of honey was obtained from three meliponiculture origins: Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Gunungkidul (Yogyakarta) and Klaten (Central Java) and analysed for physical (flavour) and chemical properties including water content, dry matter (DM), ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and organic matter. The electrical conductivity (EC) was determined by the equation of EC = 0.14 + 1.74 A (A = ash content). Data were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance followed by honestly significant difference test. The results showed that the flavour of honey from the Faculty of Animal Science UGM and Klaten were sweet and those from Gunungkidul were bitter. The results showed that the geographical origins had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on water content, protein, DM and carbohydrate. Furthermore, geographical origins had a significant difference (P<0.05) on ash, organic matter, and EC, but not on fat (P>0.05). There was great variability in the composition of honey across different geographical origins. Thus, the chemical properties of honey from the Faculty of Animal Science UGM and Klaten were higher than honey from Gunungkidul.

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Objective: The study aims to perform molecular docking to examine the interaction between propolis compound and SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Methods: The protein target of this research was the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with an inhibitor N3 (PDB ID: 6LU7). The ligand of this research was the bioactive compounds from Propolis of Tetragonula aff. biroi. Results: The results showed that propolis compound which has the potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 protease activity was Sulabiroins A (binding affinity-8.1 kcal/mol), following by (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone acid and broussoflavonol F (binding affinity-7.9 kcal/mol) with binding similarity more than 50% compared to N3-main protease interaction. Conclusion: Molecular docking showed propolis compounds of Tetragonula aff. biroi potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease activity. The highest binding affinity presented by Sulabiroins A, following by (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone acid and broussoflavonol F, with values of-8.1 kcal/mol,-7.9 kcal/mol, and-7.9 kcal/mol, respectively, with binding similarity more than 50% compared to N3 and SARS-CoV-2 main protease interaction.

High teacher productivity is the goal and the main concern of organizations as well as an indicator of an edcational success attainment. At the organizational level, work productivity measurements are used as a management tool to evaluate, analyze plan and determine the policies of the organization. As for the teachers, it is used to determine the level of success achieved in carrying out the task, The teachers as part of the human resources in educational organizations must have abilities to take individual initiative risk action tolerance, direction integration, and support from management, control, identity, reward systems, tolerance for conflict, mental attitude and communication patterns. These abilities if built and accompanied by teachers capability and high integrity will lead to the increasing of, work productivity and be able to achieve success in performing their tasks as educators. Productive works in the discipline enforcement require prerequisites as supporting indicators, namely work purposes, exemplary leader, income that meet the minimum living needs (fringe benefits); justice, close supervision, legal sanctions leaders assertiveness and a harmonious working relationship (human relationships). While the success of work motivation through supporting factors for teachers consist of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are, work responsibilities work progress work challenges, work achievement and acknowledgement on work result. While extrinsic factors are organizational administrative and policies, applicable reward systems, interpersonal relations and working conditions. The survey result of 39 teachers in Ekasakti Senior High School of Padang shows that indicator of employees objective in teachers' discipline is more dominant with a contribution of 16.14%. While for intrinsic factor teachers' motivation in indicator of responsibility is more dominant as much as 11. 71%. From the extrinsic factor, indicators of administrative and organizational policies are more dominant, which are 13.35%. From the teacher's work productivity indicator for task qualifications gives the biggest contribution as 26.48%. Based on the assessment of Ekasakti Senior High School of Padang that in order to obtain good qualification of tasks, the teachers should set the goals to be achieved. through abilities they have and. be able to responsible at the performance of their tasks. It can be realized if the task done supported by good and directed administrative and organizational policy.

Delay-, disruption-, and disconnection-tolerant networks (DTNs) implement the store-carry-forward (SCF) paradigm for message delivery, which can be used for data transmission when an end-to-end connection may never be reached. A number of SCF routing schemes have been developed to increase performance in various scenarios. In this paper, using the ONE Simulator, we investigate four SCF-based DTN routing protocols-Epidemic, MaxProp, ProphetV2, and Direct Oracle-by varying the number of created messages (message generating rate), the message size, the transmission range, and the transmission speed in scenarios that closely resemble the real-world practical situations that arise in developing regions. A performance evaluation based on the total size of delivery messages, delivery probability and overhead ratio is conducted, and the impact of the scenarios on the evaluation result is analyzed. While this investigation is in the preliminary stage, our observations reveal complex dependencies in performance on both scenario parameters and routing protocols, which motivate and will be essentially utilized to develop a means to adjust protocols dynamically by estimating and reflecting scenario parameters.