Revolusi industri 4.0 yang diinisiasi oleh perkembangan teknologi informasi digital mendorong perkembangan dalam segala bidang termasuk industri komersial. Penerapan teknologi ini berimplikasi pada perubahan pola kegiatan jual-beli secara ‘online’ tanpa adanya batasan jarak, waktu, dan tempat. Peluang kegiatan jual-beli ‘online’ tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian orang di rumah. Perubahan kegiatan ini telah berimplikasi pada perubahan sosial-ekonomi dan karakteristik fisik ruang dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan sosial-ekonomi dan karakteristik fisik ruang dalam rumah tinggal akibat kegiatan bisnis ‘online’. Penelitian dilakukan di Sentra Kerajinan Sepatu Cibaduyut, Kota Bandung pada tiga orang responden yang memiliki bisnis usaha kerajinan sepatu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan pengambilan data yang dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan sosial-ekonomi dan fisik yang meliputi transformasi fungsi ruang, ‘layout’ ruang, dan ‘layout’ perabot di ruang dalam rumah akibat bisnis ‘online’. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan oleh arsitek atau pengembang perumahan untuk mempertimbangkan pola perilaku dan kebutuhan para pelaku industri dalam rumah tinggal di era industri 4.0.

Bioclimatic architecture as a design approach takes an advantage climate parameters to answer the problems of environment and energy. This approach is applied to optimize the quality of architectural design through the comfort and health of their environment. It was developed by simulating the design in the case of a middle apartment in Surabaya. To achieve its design goals is simulated: 1) transforming mass-form, 2) setting housing-unit plan, 3) making housing-unit facade, and 4) organizing overall lay-out. Simulation of this design is using several alternative designs to obtain an optimal design. Bioclimatic architecture is successfully implemented if it can optimize the potential of the existing climate. Bioclimatic quality is achieved when a middle apartment is designed to optimize penetration of natural light, cooling and air exchange building mass as well as minimize the acquisition of direct solar radiation. Bioclimatic architecture approach requires consideration of such architectural contexts: urban, economic and social aspects, because the technical nature.

Various adaptation strategy efforts have been made to reduce the impact due to the risk of environmental changes. Tidal flooding in the coastal area of Semarang is predicted to increase. Settlements affected by tidal flooding need to anticipate to reduce the risk of greater losses. The Tambak Lorok settlement is a phenomenon of resilience to live in a tidal flood disaster area. The purpose of this study is to explain the adaptation strategy of accommodation to settle in coastal areas affected by tidal floods in Tambak Lorok, Semarang with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out using a simple random sampling method with a questionnaire on 100 respondents of the Tambak Lorok community in 5 RW. The collected data are processed and interpreted by the methods of percentage description analysis and correlation analysis. It was concluded that the accommodation adaptation strategy for the Tambak Lorok community in responding to tidal flood disasters is influenced by factors of length of residence, monthly income, number of family members, perceptions of disasters, responses that have been carried out, regulations, and disaster characteristics. Adaptation to the adjustment is carried out by elevating the ground floor and increasing the height of the building structure. Behavioral adaptation is carried out by arranging the location of goods, and most people do not have a relocation plan.

As many of the developing megacities, Bangkok has also implemented a TOD system to tackle the increase of traffic congestion and the availability of transportation issues. However, the TOD projects in Bangkok are not supported by an appropriate provision in affordable housing. In recent years, as the improved accessibility and transit proximity are often capitalized into housing and land prices, it resulted in the low-income population displacement, a condition that refers to the term transit-induced gentrification. This paper uses Bangkok, Thailand, as a case study to review the impact of TOD especially in the displacement of populations. The review concludes that the gentrification in Bangkok is initiated by the increase of the value and rent price of the property due to the presence of the transit station. The case in Bangkok is one of the precedents that have a combination of characteristics from the early period and the latest period definition of gentrification. It has the characteristics that the case is concentrated in the city center and the subject is working class and wealthy residents, which from the early definition. While it still represents the characteristics of the latest definition, such as indirect and direct displacement that appear at the same time.

The Indonesian government has implemented the new strategy of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in dealing with urban issues, especially to overcome some of the urbanization effects such as housing deficiency, traffic jams, and private car usage. Under the PPP scheme, national private companies have initiated developing apartments in TOD of Batuceper station, located at the most populated district in the city of Tangerang. The mixture of residences with other public activities at TOD creates problems of privacy as the concern of accessibility and connectivity in the development principles. An in-depth study to examine this problem is required. Thus, this paper reviews various research related to the private and public spatial interface in the mix facilities area. This paper analyses the possible private and private space interface strategy between an apartment and other functions or activities at TOD Batuceper station development. The findings of this paper suggested that apartment design at the TOD area is a complex problem, and the proper strategy to solve such spatial interface problems depends on its linking hierarchy with other activities in the development area.