ABSTRAKPengolahan sagu yang dilakukan kelompok masyarakat di Pulau Papua hanya menggunakan mesin pemarut. Namun mesin pemarut yang digunakan kurang memperhatikan faktor keamanan pangan karena ada bagian alat yang kontak dengan empulur sagu yang terbuat dari besi yang mudah berkarat. Hal ini tentunya akan mempengaruhi mutu dan kualitas pati sagu yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan desain dan uji kinerja mesin pemarut sagu dengan mata parut stainless steel. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu melalui pendekatan rancangan gambar teknik, pembuatan mesin, uji fungsional, dan uji kinerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mesin pemarut sagu hasil rancangan memiliki kapasitas 649,38 kg/jam pada kecepatan putar silinder parut 1400 rpm, dan tingkat kehilangan empulur sagu sebesar 6,71%.Kata kunci: Silinder parut; pemarut sagu; Papua; mesin pemarut ABSTRACT Sago processing conducted by the people of Papua have used grater, but it lacks of attention on food safety because one of iron part (corrosion) having contact to the sago. However, it may affect the quality of sago starch. This study aimed to design and to test the performance of machine grater use stainless steel grade eyes. The method used was through design analysis and work drawing, machinery manufacturing, functional testing and performance testing. The results showed that the designed sago grater machines has a capacity of 649.38 kg/h at a speed of 1400 rpm rotary cylinder grate, and the sago pith loss rate of 6.71%.
Talas semir is superior commodity in Sumedang. PENDAHULUANTalas merupakan tanaman pangan, yang dapat dijumpai hampir di seluruh Indonesia. Pemanenan umbi talas dilakukan setelah tanaman berumur 7 -9 bulan yang ditandai dengan mengeringnya daun. Umbi talas merupakan bahan pangan yang memiliki nilai gizi yang cukup baik. Komponen makronutrien dan mikronutrien yang terkandung di dalam umbi talas meliputi protein, karbohidrat, lemak, serat kasar, fosfor, kalsium, besi, tiamin, riboflavin, niasin, dan vitamin C. Komposisi kimia tersebut bervariasi tergantung pada beberapa faktor, seperti jenis varietas, usia, dan tingkat kematangan dari umbi. Faktor iklim dan kesuburan tanah juga turut berperan terhadap perbedaan komposisi kimia dari umbi talas. Nilai lebih dari umbi talas adalah kemudahan patinya untuk dicerna. Hal ini disebabkan oleh ukuran granula patinya yang cukup kecil dan patinya mengandung amilosa dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak (20-25%). Selain itu, talas juga bebas dari gluten, maka pangan olahan dari talas dapat digunakan untuk diet individu yang memiliki alergi terhadap gluten [1].Salah satu potensi besar dan variatif di Kabupaten Sumedang yang didukung oleh kondisi agroekosistem yang cocok untuk pengembangan komoditas pertanian dalam arti luas adalah talas semir [2]. Umbi talas Semir berasal dari Sumedang memiliki kulit umbi berwarna kecoklatan dengan warna daging umbi putih dan memiliki umbi dengan bentuk halter. Umbi talas Semir memiliki ukuran umbi dengan panjang 8-12 cm. Talas semir memiliki rendemen umbi kupas terhadap berat umbi sebesar 75,43%. Rendemen tersebut paling besar dibandingkan rendemen dari jenis talas lainnya seperti talas hijau (Bogor) sebesar 73,01%, talas beneng (Pandeglang) 73,29% dan talas mentega (Sukabumi) 59,41% [2]. Umbi talas dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi beberapa makanan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi produk salah satunya adalah keripik talas. Untuk menghasilkan keripik talas yang berkualitas dengan hasil yang seragam membutuhkan mesin pengiris. Pengirisan secara manual memiliki kapasitas 78 kg/jam sedangakan menggunakan mesin pemotong umbi talas dengan mekanisme engkol luncur pada putaran motor silinder pisau 213 rpm
Amount of straw wastes in Ciparay, Bandung, West Java Indonesia reaches 10-12 tons.ha -1 but its has not been well managed, after harvested, the remaining unused straw is abandoned on the ground and is eventually burned. In the long run, this straw burning will be very disadvantageous to farmers, especially in terms of the environmental impacts on rice paddy including decreasing soil fertility, killing soil biota, damaging soil physical properties and wasting energy. One of alternatives to utilize rice straw able to provide added value is utilizing its waste as a material to make compost on the condition that the straw is already chopped into a size of 5-10 cm according to SNI standards. Therefore, a study on rice straw chopping technology based on the composting requirements is required. The aim of this study is to design a prototype of rice straw chopper with capacity 100 kg.hr -1 . The method used in this research is engineering design with observation of the reasearch, design criteria, functional and structural design, figure design, technical analysis, prototyping of rice straw chopper, machine functional and performance test. The measurement results of rice straw characteristics show that the average length, diameter, bulk density and moisture content of rice straw are 708 mm, 4 mm, 160.6 kg.m -3 and 34.6% wet basis. This straw chopper design were produces a prototype with a dimension of 1040 mm (length) x 1000 mm (height) x 465 mm (width) with a power source generator using 5.5 HP gasoline motor. The result of functional test of the straw chopper shows that the actual capacity of this straw chopper is 100.32 kg.hr -1 .
Sansevieria and sisal plants are ornamental plants that are very famous in Indonesia. Both are plants grow easily even though in the area with less water and sunlight. These plants have potential natural fibers that are used as raw material requirements for the fabric textile industry. The aims of this research were to determine physical and mechanical characteristics of sansevieria and sisal for fibers utilization. The mechanical decortication process was used for fiber extraction. The research method used was an experimental laboratory with a descriptive method. Parameters measured were length and diameter of fiber, color, fineness, moisture regain, tensile strength, and stretch strength. The results revealed that sansevieria and sisal fibers have diameter 103,60 μm and 182,50 μm; average length 68,40 cm and 81,60 cm; brightness level (L*) 67,62 and 66,42; yellowness (b*) 20,42 dan 23,80; fineness 6,30 tex and 19,70 tex; moisture regain 11,93 and 12,57 tensile strength per bundle 24,891.60 gf and 35,263.90 gf; stretch strength per bundle 20% and 22,90%. The physical and mechanical characterization showed that sisal fiber had better characteristics than sansevieria fiber. Fibers from these two plants have potential textile material characteristics, which are used as a needle.
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