Two stochastic sensors based on graphene powder modified with platinum and titanium dioxide (TiO2Pt/rGO) and 2,6-bis((E)-2-(furan-2-yl)vinyl)-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-yl)pyridine (S1) and 2,6-bis((E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)vinyl)-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-yl)pyridine (S2) were proposed for the assay of three biomarkers monitorized in colon cancer: P53, KRAS and CEA. The limits of determinations were low, and the sensitivity very high. Whole blood samples from confirmed colon cancer patients were used for the validation of the method.

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Ag–TiO2–graphene pastes modified with inulin, and l-alanine tert-butyl ester nitrate were proposed for the molecular recognition of carcinoembryonic antigen in whole blood samples.