This research was conducted with the aim to analyze regression the influence of parental socioeconomic status on the social skills of 5-6 year olds in Malang Regency. This research was carried out in Kindergaten Karangploso District, Malang Regency. The time of the study was from March to April 2018. The data collection used Harry King's Nomograph method in determining the sample of the population. The total population of 645 with the standard error 5% with a multiplier factor of 1.195. The sample number was 200.1 rounded to 200 samples of the Harry King Nomograph method. Data analysis used the IBM SPSS 20 program. Based on the results of the study it was found there was a significant and positive influence on the parental socioeconomic status on the social skills of children aged 5-6 years in Malang Regency. The better and the higher of the parental socio-economic status, the higher the child's social skills. The implications of research results indicate that the parental socio-economic status can support children's development, so this can be used as a guide for parents to be able to give attention to their children both to the parents of low, middle and high. Governments, communities, teachers, and parents to collaborate and to encourage the spirit to the children.

The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education. Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community References: Bernal, R., & Ramírez, S. M. (2019). Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of “From Zero to Forever.” World Development, 118, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.012 Bers, M. U., González-González, C., & Armas-Torres, M. B. (2019). Coding as a playground: Promoting positive learning experiences in childhood classrooms. Computers and Education, 138, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.013 Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Hendricks, L., & Tredoux, C. (2016). Center-based early childhood care and education program quality: A South African study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.004 Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Church, A., & Bateman, A. (2019). Methodology and professional development: Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) for early childhood education. Journal of Pragmatics, 143(xxxx), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.022 Ciolan, L. E. (2013). Play to Learn, Learn to Play. Creating Better Opportunities for Learning in Early Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.096 Correia, N., Camilo, C., Aguiar, C., & Amaro, F. (2019). Children’s right to participate in early childhood education settings: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.031 Cycyk, L. M., & Hammer, C. S. (2018). Beliefs, values, and practices of Mexican immigrant families towards language and learning in toddlerhood: Setting the foundation for early childhood education. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.09.009 Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design Of Instruction. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Herbers, J. E., Cutuli, J. J., Jacobs, E. L., Tabachnick, A. R., & Kichline, T. (2019). Early childhood risk and later adaptation: A person-centered approach using latent profiles. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62(January), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.01.003 Hunkin, E. (2018). Whose quality? The (mis)uses of quality reform in early childhood and education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 33(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1352032 Johson, J. E, & Roopnarine, J. L. (2011). Pendidikan anak usia dini dalam berbagai pendekatan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Lucas, F. M. M. (2017). The Game as an Early Childhood Learning Resource for Intercultural Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 908–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.127 Atwi Suparman. (2012). Desain Intruksional Modern. Jakarta: Erlangga. Mapiare, A. (2013). Tipe-tipe Metode Riset Kualitatif Untuk Eksplanasi Sosial Budaya Dan Bimbingan Konseling. Malang: Elang Emas & Prodi Bimbingan Dan Konseling Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang. Milner, K. M., Bhopal, S., Black, M., Dua, T., Gladstone, M., Hamadani, J., … Lawn, J. E. (2019). Counting outcomes, coverage and quality for early child development programmes. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 104, S3–S12. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315430 Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Nutbrown, C. (2011). Key Concepts in Early Childhood Education and Care (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. Perpres. Pelaksanaan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. , 6 Peraturan Presiden RI § (2017). Puspita, W. A. (2013). Multikulturalisme dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Ilmiah VISI P2TK PAUDNI, 8(2), 144–152. Raikes, A., Sayre, R., Davis, D., Anderson, K., Hyson, M., Seminario, E., & Burton, A. (2019). The Measuring Early Learning Quality & Outcomes initiative: purpose, process and results. Early Years, 39(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2019.1669142 Satrio Roefandi, P. (2019). Keluarga Pendalungan, Keluarga Berbasis Budaya Madura Atau Jawa? 10 Th Psychofest Conference, (March), 316–324. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/v8g5b Stokoe, E. (2014). The Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM): a method for training communication skills as an alternative to simulated role-play. Res. Lang. Soc. Interact, 47(3), 255–265. Sutarto, A. (2006). Sekilas Tentang Masyarakat Pandalungan. Jelajah Budaya 2006, 1–7. Suyadi. (2010). Psikologi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani. Tapscott, D. (2011). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation Is Changing Your World. Bucharest: Publica. Wijana, W. D. (2014). Konsep-Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. In UT. https://doi.org/10.1101/112268 Yoshikawa, H., Wuermli, A. J., Raikes, A., Kim, S., & Kabay, S. B. (2018). Toward High-Quality Early Childhood Development Programs and Policies at National Scale: Directions for Research in Global Contexts. Social Policy Report,31(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2018.tb00091.x

Setiap anak membutuhkan pendidikan untuk peningkatan  peranya di lingkungan  masyarakat. Melalui proses pendidikan formal, nonformal, dan/atau informal pendidikan anak  telah diselenggarakan untuk peningkatan kualitas keterampilannya, mengingat besarnya dan pentingnya proses pendidikan pola asuh anak tersebut maka tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh pola asuh orang tua terhadap social skills anak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Malang. Proses menetapkan sampel menggunakan  metode Nomograf Harry King. Jumlah sampel adalah 157, analisis menggunakan program Statistical Program Social Sciences (SPSS). Hasil penelitian ditemukan enam pola asuh orang tua untuk meningkatkan social skills yaitu menerima pendapat anak ketika melakukan Communication, Menanyakan kesalahan anak tanpa memarahi, Memberikan nasehat ketika anak berbuat salah, Memberi pujian pada anak jika melakukan tindakan yang positif, Memberi hadiah ketika anak pintar di sekolah, Memfasilitasi hobi yang disukai anak. Interpretasi analisisnya terjadi pengaruh asuhan orang tua kepada social skills anak pada usia dini. Dengan kata lain semakin tinggi kualitas social skills anak usia dini dipengaruhi oleh kualitas dan kuantitas pola asuh orang tua.  Hasil pengujian statistik  menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pengaruh yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua terhadap peningkatan social skills  anak, formulasinya sebagai berikut  Social skills = 1.2 + 0,712 Pola Asuh,  yang bermakna apabila terjadi peningkatan  kualitas asuahan  orang tua, maka kualitas social skills  akan bertambah menjadi  71.2%.

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Manajemen keuangan sekolah merupakan keahlian suatu lembaga sekolah dalam merancang kegiatan secara terstruktur seperti merencanakan, melaksanakan, melaporkan dan mempertanggungjawabkan aktivitas keuangan pendidikan agar berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien.  Tujuan penelitiannya yaitu untuk mengetahui manajemen keuangan dalam lembaga sekolah di RA Perwanida 01 Kecamatan Sumbersari Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subyek penelitiannya adalah kepala sekolah, bendahara, dan guru kelas. Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian bahwa terdapat langkah dalam manajemen keuangan sekolah yaitu dalam perencanaan keuangan sekolah dilakukan setiap awal tahun ajaran baru yang pelaksanaannya melakukan rapat internal untuk melakukan musyawarah bersama yang dihadiri oleh kepala sekolah, bendahara sekolah dan guru kelas, pemilihan kegiatan dalam perencanaan disesuaikan dengan kalender akademik serta mempertimbangkan dana yang akan digunakan setelah kesepakatan diambil maka kepala sekolah akan memberitahukaan kepada wali murid dan menyusun RAPBS. Pelaksanaan manajemen keuangan sekolah memiliki dua pembagian yakni penerimaan dana dan pengeluaran dana. Langkah pembukuan manajemen keuangan di sekolah RA Perwanida 01 Jember yakni berupa pembukuan yang sederhana, lengkap dan mudah dipahami sehingga nantinya akan mempermudah dalam laporan dan pertanggungjawaban manajemen keuangan sekolah. Langkah selanjutnya yaitu laporan pertanggungjawaban dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap pelaksanaan yakni setiap bulan serta akhir tahun pelajaran, laporan dan pertanggungjawaban terkait BOP di bawah pengawasan Kementrian Agama sedangkan terkait infak anak di bawah Yayasan Perwanida Jember.