New experimental data on the thermal conductivity of liquid water along the saturation line have been obtained recently, using the bare and coated transient hot wire technique, with high accuracy. The quality of the data is such that new standard reference values can be proposed with confidence limits of 0.7% at a 95% confidence level. These data and the correlation herein presented revise a previous correlation endorsed by IUPAC.
The available experimental data for the density and viscosity of liquid aluminum and iron have been critically examined with the intention of establishing a density and a viscosity standard. All experimental data have been categorized into primary and secondary data according to the quality of measurement specified by a series of criteria. The proposed standard reference correlations for the density of the aluminum and iron are characterized by standard deviations of 0.65% and 0.77% at the 95% confidence level, respectively. The overall uncertainty in the absolute values of the density is estimated to be one of Ϯ0.7% for aluminum and 0.8% for iron, which is worse than that of the most optimistic claims but recognizes the unexplained discrepancies between different methods. The standard reference correlations for the viscosity of aluminum and iron are characterized by standard deviations of 13.7% and 5.7% at the 95% confidence level, respectively. The uncertainty in the absolute values of the viscosity of the two metals is thought to be no larger than the scatter between measurements made with different techniques and so can be said to be Ϯ14% in the case of aluminum and Ϯ6% in the case of iron.
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E ight years have elapsed since the first "madein" product image study was conducted among Japanese businessmen in 1967, and reported in the Journal of Marketing. I The first survey was aimed at establishing a benchmark of the Japanese businessmen's attitudes toward products made in the United States, Japan, England, Germany, and France. The second study conducted in 1975 surveyed the attitudes of 100 Tokyo businessmen along the same dimensions for the same countries. This article reports the attitude change of the Japanese over the eight-year period.As described in the original article, the semantic differential method developed by Charles Osgood and modified by W.A. Mindak was employed in both surveys.2 A few highlights of the results follow. The profile was comprised of five categories.
How are U.S. products perceived by foreign consumers? How do these product images affect international marketing strategies? What are the relationships between the “country product” image and international marketing strategies? These questions are of concern to all engaged in international business. This study measures the cross-cultural image of “made in …” products as perceived by both Japanese and U.S. businessmen.
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