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Uso de antimicrobianos pela população da cidade de Jataí (GO), BrasilThe use of antimicrobial drugs by the population in the city of Jataí, State of Goias, Brazil

Nanoparticles (NPs) have a wide range of applications in various areas. For health application, cytotoxicity tests are used to ensure its efficiency and safety. In this paper, ZnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, Zn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 NPs were synthesized, characterized and their antibacterial properties were evaluated. The Sol-Gel method was used to synthesize the NPs. Their electronic and crystallographic structures were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). To perform the antibacterial evaluation, ferrites were dispersed through nanoemulsion to prevent the crystals from accumulating together. Then the evaluation was performed through microdilution in a 96-well plate and diffusion in agar disc in contact with 3 different strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It demonstrated that the Sol-Gel method was efficient to synthesize NPs with suitable sizes for health application. All synthesized NPs showed the inhibition of bacterias with different concentrations used.

Introduction: The term candiduria refers to the presence of yeast in urine and Candida albicans is the most common agent. In general, routine laboratories do not perform identification and cultivation of yeast. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Candida species and to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of the species isolated in urine of outpatients Jataí-GO, between January-October 2013. Material and method: Urine samples containing fungal structures were plated out on Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol. Differentiation was taken with the urease test, nitrogen and carbon sources assimilation, germ tube test, morphology on cornmeal agar and chromogenic agar cultivation. Susceptibility was evaluated at antifungal itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Results: 1,215 urine tests were performed, and 64 had fungal structures (5.3%). Two samples were lost, thus here we considered 62 isolates. From this total, 43 were identified as C. albicans (67.2 %), eight C. glabrata (12.5 %), five C. krusei (7.8%), three C. tropicalis (4.7%), and three could not determine the species (4.7%). Amphotericin B and ketoconazole inhibited 94.9% of the isolates. On the other hand, 55.9% and 54.2 % were resistant to itraconazole and fluconazole, respectively. The resistance rates of both fluconazole and itraconazole for C. glabrata and C. albicans, as fluconazole for C. albicans and C. krusei, showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These data demonstrate the importance of conducting a full identification and susceptibility to antifungal agents in samples with yeast infection.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect people worldwide. Escherichia coli is the main agent of UTI, however the etiology may vary according to the age and sex of the patient. Regional variations in the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance should be considered for therapy choice. Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a survey on the main agents of UTI, and assess the resistance of these microorganisms, during the period of March 2010 to June 2012 in the city of Jataí-GO. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study were performed, collecting data on the prevalence of uropathogens and their sensitivity profiles which were evaluated by disk diffusion method. Results: During this period, 2,181 urine cultures were evaluated, of which 510 (23.4%) were positive, predominantly female (81.4%) and aged between 21 and 64 years old (59.7%). The most frequently isolated microorganism was E. coli (61%), followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (9.4%), and Proteus (9.4%). The prevalence of these bacteria according to the patient sex has suffered a statistically significant change (p < 0.05). It was possible to detect high resistance rate of E. coli to some antibiotics of choice for UTI treatment, such as ampicillin (57.9 %), pipemidic acid (50.5 %), nalidixic acid (48.6 %), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (44.8%).Conclusion: These data demonstrate the need to know the reality of each region in order to establish an appropriate empirical therapy, when it is not possible to perform culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.