Although the poverty rate in Indonesia has been declining in the last several years, the rate of poverty decline is slowing down. In order to achieve its poverty reduction target within the stipulated time period, the government has stepped up efforts to enhance the contribution of the financial sector towards poverty reduction. This study aims to empirically explore the interlinkages between financial sector development and poverty reduction in Indonesia. Focusing on annual data covering the period from 1980 to 2015, the study adopts the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration approach to examine the long-run relationship between the variables. The study found that there is a long-run relationship between financial development, economic growth, and poverty reduction in Indonesia. It also documented a unidirectional causality running from the financial sector to poverty reduction and a bidirectional causality between economic growth and poverty reduction. Therefore, policies to ensure the conducive growth of the financial sector would go a long way in promoting the economy, creating employment opportunities, and consequently accelerating poverty eradication

This paper contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between financial development, economic growth, and poverty in Indonesia in the period of 1980-2014. This issue is of importance for developing economies such as Indonesia given the high rate of poverty in the country despite the rapid growth of the financial sector. The Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration is used to examine the long-run relationship between the financial sector development and poverty, while the Granger causality based on the VECM approach is used to ascertain the direction of the causal relationship between the variables. In arriving at robust findings, we investigated two models, each using different indicators of financial sector growth, namely money supply (M2), and ratio of domestic credit to private sector to gross domestic product. The study finds that there was a longrun relationship between the financial sector, economic growth, and poverty in Indonesia, while in the short run, a bidirectional causal relationship exists between the financial sector and poverty. Based on these findings, it is recommended that in efforts to reduce poverty, the government should focus on facilitating the channelling of funds from the financial sector into specific segment of the population to ensure fair accessibility of credit, especially to the low-income group in Indonesia.

Purpose: This study aims to estimate optimal control in the Keynesian macroeconomic model for the Indonesian economy. Approach/Methodology/Design: Researchers use optimal control in retrieval in connection with macro-econometric models' problems. One way is used to influence macroeconomic variables, which include national income and expenditure. In this study, optimal control is used on the expenditure side, namely, to influence changes in the budget deficit. The data used is secondary data in the form of time series, in the period 1990-2018. Simulation is used to obtain the optimal value, with a simulation period starting from 2019-2023-optimal control theory through fiscal policy on the budget deficit. Findings: The results showed that the optimal value of macroeconomic variables has a deviation from the target value for all macroeconomic variables, consumption, investment, exports, imports, GDP, and budget deficits. So, it can be seen that optimal growth, through macroeconomic variables that influence it, including GDP, consumption, investment, exports, and imports with the budget deficit as a control variable. In the scientific concept, optimal control theory is used as a tool to determine an optimal policy. Practical Implication: The research provides a solution to the budget deficit problem. The government needs to control the deficit so that optimal economic growth will be obtained. The largest deviation from the average during the simulation period occurred in GDP, followed by investment, exports, and fiscal policy deficits. Meanwhile, the lowest average deviation is found in imports. Original/Value: This research contributes and provides solutions to fiscal Policy. They are mostly related to the budget deficit.

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Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan produk pupuk dari ampas kopi yang diproduksi oleh Madrasah Alia Negeri Banda Aceh (MAN Model). Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan produk ini adalah dengan New Product Development agar produk yang dihasilkan mempunyai nilai jual yang baik dan dapat diterima oleh konsumen. Kandungan pupuk dari ampas kopi diuji di Laboratorium Tanah Universitas Syiah Kuala agar konsumen yakin dengan pupuk ini dan menghilangkan keraguan konsumen. Hasil uji laboraatorium ditemukan ada kadar air, pH pupuk, N-total, C organic, P2O5, K2O, dan MgO. Sementara itu, dari pengembangan produk telah dibuat design produk baru yang lebih menarik dan kemasan yang lebih baik dikikuti dengan penggantian nama dari Pupuk Bahagia menjadi MANSATU. Penggantian nama ini untuk mempromosikan MAN Model Banda Aceh yang telah memiliki produk pupuk organik yang berasal dari ampas bubuk kopi. Rekomendasi pada kegiatan pengabdian berikutnya adalah pendaftaran merek dan izin produksi dari instansi terkait sehingga produksi masal dapat dilakukan dan memenuhi semua persyaratan perundang- undangan yang berlaku.