Zirconium oxide thin films were grown successfully by thermal annealing of zirconium thin films deposited on quartz and silicon substrates by direct current magnetron sputtering technique. The structural and optical properties in relation to thermal annealing times were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that structure of films changes from amorphous to crystalline by increase of annealing times in range 60-240 min. The composition of films was determined by Rutherford back scattering spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy results exhibited that surface morphology and roughness of films depend on the annealing time. The refractive index of the films was calculated using Swanepoel's method. The optical band gap energy of annealed films decreased from 5.50 to 5.34 eV with increasing thermal annealing time.

The structural and optical properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) films deposited on glass and silicon substrates by single ion beam sputtering technique have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study revealed the formation of the amorphous phase of AlN. The optical characteristics of films, such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, and average thickness, were calculated by Swanepoel's method using transmittance measurements. The refractive index and average roughness values of the films increased with film thickness. Moreover, it was found that thickness augmentation leads to a decrease in optical band gap energy calculated using Tauc's relation.

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In this paper, we study the Schrödinger equation with non-central modified Kratzer potential plus a ring-shaped like potential, which is not spherically symmetric. We connect the corresponding Schrödinger equation to the Laguerre and Jacobi equations. These lead us to have some raising and lowering operators which are first order equations. We take advantage from these first order equations and discuss the supersymmetry algebra. And also we obtain the corresponding partner Hamiltonian for Kratzer potential and investigate the commutation relation for the generators algebra.