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Parietin is one of the well-known anthraquinone compounds that can be extracted from Rheum ribes L. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of parietin isolated from Rheum ribes L on an in vitro wound model using human dermal fibroblast cells and compare its effectiveness against zinc. The antioxidant effect of parietin was determined by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazine (DPPH) method. Human dermal fibroblast cells were cultured in proculture medium and were kept until 100% confluence was achieved. The wound model was created by using a pipette tip. After that, different concentrations of parietin and zinc (final concentrations in the well to be 5-250 µM and 25-200 µM, respectively) were added into the medium. The proliferationinducing effect on cell viability was determined by using MTT assay. Images of cells were taken at 0, 12, and 24 hours. According to the DPPH method, parietin exhibited have antioxidant activity. According to the MTT results, parietin exhibited significant proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability in a dose range of 5 to 10 M, and zinc showed significant proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability at dose 50 µM (P < .05). In addition, the image of cell proliferation was also shown at the same doses at 24 hours. In this study, we claim that parietin induces cell proliferation at low doses in cases of dermal fibroblast loss. In conclusion, parietin as an alternative to zinc in wound healing could be used by clinicians in the future with more extensive studies.

The objective of this study was to determine the contamination of retail poultry meat in Erzurum (Turkey) by Listeria monocytogenes and to evaluate its relationship with indicator bacteria using logistic regression. The incidence of L. monocytogenes was 32.76%, found in 38 of 116 samples. The application of logistic regression showed Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta populations have positive, and yeast and mold population have negative relationship with L. monocytogenes presence. The results of this study demonstrate that there is a serious risk in raw poultry meat for consumer health in Erzurum, because of the high incidence of L. monocytogenes in the samples of the present study. Hygienic conditions described in HACCP program should still be enforced in order to minimize L. monocytogenes in poultry meat during the processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species have been isolated from many different types of raw and processed food, but the main sources and routes of contamination are still not fully understood. There is a need for more knowledge, and data are needed for risk assessment and for improved preventive measures. In order to prevent and control contamination of the environment and food products with this pathogen, it is important to detect the most important sources of contamination and to understand the mechanisms of growth, including relationships with other bacteria. The main concern with raw poultry meat is the incidence of L. monocytogenes in raw chicken because of cross‐contamination with other foods in the home and the possibility of the microorganism surviving in processed chicken. Application of logistic regression was used to identify the main hazards associated with the presence of microorganisms, as well as for applications in predictive food microbiology, modeling binomially distributed data that involve the use of probability models, where the response variable is a “presence/absence” observation of whether or not growth will occur.

Öz: Glutamat merkezi sinir sisteminin en önemli nörotransmitter maddesidir. Aşırı glutamat salınımı, glutamat reseptörlerinin uzun süreli aktivasyonuna neden olarak eksitotoksisteye yol açar. Parietin, Rheum ribes L.'den izole edilen çeşitli farmakolojik özelliklere sahip bir antrakinondur. Bu çalışmada glutamat eksitotoksisitesine maruz bırakılan primer kortikal nöron kültürlerinde parietinin nöroprotektif etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Primer kortikal nöronlar, yeni doğan Sprague Dawley cinsi sıçanlardan elde edildi. Glutamat eksitotoksisitesini stimüle etmek için, kültür medyumuna 10-5 M konsantrasyonda glutamat uygulandı. Daha sonra hücrelere 2.5-500 μM konsantrasyonda parietin uygulanarak 24 saat inkübasyona bırakıldı. Hücre canlılık oranı MTT yöntemi ile belirlendi. Aynı zamanda hücrelerde oluşan reaktif oksijen türleri total antioksidan seviyesi (TAS)-total oksidan seviyesi (TOS) yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. MTT analiz sonuçlarına göre 10 µM parietinin glutamat eksitotoksisitesine karşı nöronlarda anlamlı düzeyde koruyucu etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edildi. TAS-TOS analiz sonuçlarına göre 10 µM parietinin hücrelerde antioksidan seviyesini anlamlı ölçüde artırırken, parietinin yüksek konsantrasyonlarının hücrelerdeki oksidan seviyesini anlamlı ölçüde arttırdığı gözlendi. Bu çalışma sonucuna göre parietinin primer kortikal nöron hücrelerinde glutamat eksitotoksisitesine karşı koruyucu etkiye sahip olduğu ve glutamat eksitotoksisitesine karşı teropatik bir ajan olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

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