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index, waist circumference, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, smoking, chronic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, lipids, blood pressure, history of previous cardiovascular diseases and the presence or absence of previous ED. Result: Four hundred fifteen questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 54.6 years. The prevalence of ED was 81.9%. Based on IIEF5 scoring, it was found that 136 (32.8%) patients had mild, 159 (38.3%) had moderate and 45 (10.8%) had severe ED. There was a statistically significant association between ED severity and age (P=0.000), diabetes duration (P=0.002), the presence of CVD (P=0.002), poor metabolic control (P=0.038), and retinopathy (P=0.040). Previous ED diagnosis was present in 51 (12.3%) patients. Conclusion: ED is very common among our patients. However, the majority were undiagnosed. Regular screening and increasing awareness of the treating physicians of ED is needed.

Increase of immunization coverage rate is the most effective method for decreasing the burden of childhood vaccine-preventable diseases. The objective of this work was to present an up-to-date review of the efficacy and the trend of mandatory vaccination regimens among children in Egypt, and its efficacy in decreasing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among children under 5 years in Egypt during the period 1995-2005. The sources of data depend on the bibliographic review on MEDLINE, published studies and reports, and WHO and EMRO databases that covered the period from 1995 to 2005. Statistic analysis of the available data revealed that the coverage rate of the existing vaccination program in Egypt has greatly expanded over years and is significantly associated with a swift reduction in the burden of the vaccine-preventable childhood diseases (measles, mumps, rubella, neonatal tetanus, pertussis, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, and hepatitis B). Varicella vaccine is strongly recommended to be added to the mandatory vaccination of children in Egypt.

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