The accuracy of quantitative absorption spectroscopy depends on correctly distinguishing molecular absorption signatures in a measured transmission spectrum from the varying intensity or 'baseline' of the light source. Baseline correction becomes particularly difficult when the measurement involves complex, broadly absorbing molecules or non-ideal transmission effects such as etalons. We demonstrate a technique that eliminates the need to account for the laser intensity in absorption spectroscopy by converting the measured transmission spectrum of a gas sample to a modified form of the time-domain molecular free induction decay (m-FID) using a cepstral analysis technique developed for audio signal processing. Much of the m-FID signal is temporally separated from and independent of the source intensity, and this portion can be fit directly with a model to determine sample gas properties without correcting for the light source intensity. We validate the new approach in several complex absorption spectroscopy scenarios and discuss its limitations. The technique is applicable to spectra obtained with any absorption spectrometer and provides a fast and accurate approach for analyzing complex spectra. AbstractThis document provides supplementary material for "Baseline-free Quantitative Absorption Spectroscopy Based on Cepstral Analysis." Here, we include further details of the spectral model used to fit the broadband spectrum of ethane and methane. We also compare the two sources of absorption cross section data used to generate and fit a simulated spectrum of four broadly absorbing compounds in the mid-infrared. We give a full table of fit results for the simulated MIR spectrum to accompany an abbreviated version in the full text.

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We demonstrate fiber mode-locked dual frequency comb spectroscopy for broadband, high resolution measurements in a rapid compression machine (RCM). We apply an apodization technique to improve the short-term signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), which enables broadband spectroscopy at combustionrelevant timescales. We measure the absorption on 24345 individual wavelength elements (comb teeth) between 5967 and 6133 cm -1 at 704-µs time resolution during a 12-ms compression of a CH4-N2 mixture. We discuss the effect of the apodization technique on the absorption spectra, and apply an identical effect to the spectral model during fitting to recover the mixture temperature. The fitted temperature is compared against an adiabatic model, and found to be in good agreement with expected trends. This work demonstrates the potential of DCS to be used as an in situ diagnostic tool for broadband, high resolution, measurements in engine-like environments.

Wildland fires are complex multi-physics problems that span wide spatial scale ranges. Capturing this complexity in computationally affordable numerical simulations for process studies and "outer-loop" techniques (e.g., optimization and uncertainty quantification) is a fundamental challenge in reacting flow research. Further complications arise for propagating fires where a priori knowledge of the fire spread rate and direction is typically not available. In such cases, static mesh refinement at all possible fire locations is a computationally inefficient approach to bridging the wide range of spatial scales relevant to wildland fire behavior. In the present study, we address this challenge by incorporating adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) in fireFoam, an OpenFOAM solver for simulations of complex fire phenomena. The AMR functionality in the extended solver, called wildFireFoam, allows us to dynamically track regions of interest and to avoid inefficient over-resolution of areas far from a propagating flame. We demonstrate the AMR capability for fire spread on vertical panels and for large-scale fire propagation on a variable-slope surface that is representative of real topography. We show that the AMR solver reproduces results obtained using much larger statically refined meshes, at a substantially reduced computational cost.