absorption of calcium and phosphate. Vitamin D was long known to be a major player in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Vitamin D was first discovered at the beginning of the 20th century as a missing nutrient in children with severe bone demineralization, a disease called rickets. In humans, the most important related compounds of vitamin D are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). [1] Vitamin D2 is synthesized by plants (mainly mushrooms and yeast), whereas vitamin D3 is synthesized in skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet B rays from sunlight or from artificial food source such as fatty fish, eggs, beef liver, and mushrooms. So, it is also called " sunshine vitamin." [2] Background: Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. Vitamin D is a major player in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. In humans, the most important compounds of vitamin D are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Most of the vitamin D3 is synthesized in skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet B rays from sunlight. Vitamin D deficiency causes osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children. Deficiency of vitamin D results in impaired bone mineralization and bone damage, which leads to bone-softening diseases. Objective: To find out the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in well socioeconomic population of Ahmedabad,

The G6PD deficiency increases hemoglobin vulnerability to oxidative damage, leading to hemoglobin instability and precipitation of Heinz bodies. [1] G6PD deficiency is the most common red cell enzyme abnormality associated with hemolysis. It is also known to be associated with neonatal jaundice, kernicterus, and even death. The marked elevation of bilirubin levels that sometimes occurs in the neonatal period raises the risk of kernicterus. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia often arises in association with Gilbert's syndrome. [2,3] It affects over 400 million people worldwide. [4] G6PD deficiency occurs with increased frequency throughout Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. In the United States, black males are most commonly affected, with a prevalence of approximately 10%. [5] The global distribution and health burden of G6PD deficiency has Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme essential for basic cellular functions, including protection of red cell proteins from oxidative damage. G6PD deficiency is the most common red cell enzyme abnormality associated with hemolysis as well as with neonatal jaundice, kernicterus, and even death. It plays a protective role against malaria. It is a genetically inherited sex-linked abnormality. Objectives: To determine the age, sex, and different community-wise incidence of G6PD deficiency in neonatal subjects having neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.