The objective of this research was to determine a stable formula and determine the influence of carbopol enhancing in the preparation of lime extract (Citrus aurantifolia S.) transparent liquid shampoo (TLS). Shampoo made from TLS formulation lime extract in three different concentration of carbopol (0.5% : 0.6% : 0.7%). Shampoo were then characterized for stability test before and after accelerated storage include organoleptic test, the foam test, test the pH stability, viscosity measurements, and rheological. The result of organoleptic observation before and after accelerated storage, either formula with concentration of carbopol 0.5%, 0.6%, or 0.7%, did not show a change for the color, smell and consistency. There are no differences in foam test from TLS with shampoo preparations comparison. There are no change of PH test in TLS with concentration of carbopol 0.5%, 0.6%, or 0.7% before and after accelerated storage. There are no change of viscosity test in TLS with concentration of carbopol 0.5%, 0.6%, or 0.7% before and after accelerated storage. Third shampoo formula has plastic flow. Formulation of TLS with concentration of carbopol 0.5% have the most optimal stability than TLS with concentration of carbopol 0.6% and 0.7%.

Piper betle fruit empirically is believed to maintain oral health, but unfortunately the use of piper betle fruit not to be proven scientifically, therefore one of the efforts in explore benefits of betel fruit is to formulatedinto mouthwash. The aim of this research was to prepared stable and effective mouthwash preparation which is inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. There were 3 formula designed by varying the concentration of the piper betle fruit juice 3, 4 and 5 % v/v respectively. Stability evalution carried out before and after accelerated condition at 5 o C and 35 o C for 10 cycles in which the parameter were organoleptic, pH value, viscosity and inhibitory Streptococcus mutans of the bacteria. The assay results of the inhibition of each formula with agar diffusion method showed that the 3 formula were able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans, but the most optimum stability and effective inhibiting Streptococcus mutans was formula F3,that contain 5% fruit juice, due to there was no significant change before and after accelerated condition.

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Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug for inflammation, analgesic and antipyretic. To obtain optimal therapeutic effects, diclofenac sodium has several drawbacks, e.g. high adverse effects, undergoes gastrointestinal degradation and first pass metabolism. The aims of this research were to investigate the characterization and the stability of chitosan-loaded sodium diclofenac in dissolution medium. Preparation of diclofenac sodium nanoparticle was to improve the delivery in the nanoparticles form in which medium chain chitosan as polymer and sodium tripolyphosphate as a cross-linker. The characterization of nanoparticle chitosan-loaded sodium diclofenac included morphology, distribution and particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and yield percentage respectively. The stability test was conducted in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) pH 1.2 ± 0.1 and artificial intestinal fluid (AIF) pH 7.0. The result of the research showed that preparation of chitosan-loaded sodium diclofenac nanoparticles can be made by an ionotropic gelation method using medium chain chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate as a cross-linker. The obtained nanoparticles size were in the range of 200-500 nm with spherical shape, zeta potential was + 4.66 mV, entrapment efficiency ranged from 95.616 to 97.056 % and the yield percentage ranged from 55.61 to 184.26 %. In vitro release tests showed that nanoparticles stability depends on pH and ionic strength of the medium used. Nanoparticle chitosan-loaded diclofenac sodium was stable in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) pH 1.2 ± 0.1 and artificial intestinal fluid (AIF) pH 7.0 respectively.

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