ABSTRAKIntensifikasi penangkapan ikan tuna baik yang langsung dipasarkan maupun dibesarkan dalam usaha budidaya, berpengaruh negatif terhadap kelestarian populasi ikan ini di alam. Dengan demikian upaya perbenihan secara buatan perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi tekanan terhadap populasi alam. Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut, Gondol telah merintis perbenihan ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) sejak tahun 2003 bekerjasama dengan Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation (OFCF) Jepang. Induk ikan tuna telah berhasil dibesarkan dan dipijahkan dalam bak beton bervolume 1.500 m 3 secara terkontrol, dengan sistem pergantian air semi tertutup. Pakan yang diberikan berupa ikan layang dan cumi-cumi sekitar 2,5% biomassa per hari. Pemijahan pertama terjadi pada bulan Oktober tahun 2004, ukuran induk diperkirakan lebih dari 9,138 kg atau panjang cagak lebih dari 82 cm dengan perkiraan umur sekitar 2 tahun. Puncak pemijahan terjadi pada tahun 2005 dan 2006 dengan frekuensi pemijahan masing-masing lebih dari 100 kali. Pemeliharaan induk ikan tuna dengan kepadatan 0,66 kg/m 3 belum dapat dikatakan sebagai kepadatan maksimum dan peningkatan kematian cenderung akibat ruang gerak yang semakin sempit seiring dengan pertumbuhan induk. Namun demikian kendala yang ditemukan dalam pemeliharaan induk adalah kematian akibat menabrak dinding bak sedangkan kendala dalam pemeliharaan larva adalah serangan endoparasit pada telur.
Jhon Harianto Hutapea, Gunawan, Ananto Setiadi and Bedjo Slamet. 2019. The inner wall of the tank painted in black is good for larval rearing of Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares. Aquacultura Indonesiana, 20(2) : 102-108-. Institute for Mariculture Research and Fisheries Extension have been able to spawn yellowfin tuna in the floating nets cage (FNC) since 2015. However, the number of juveniles produced is still low due to the high mortality of larvae at the first ten days of rearing and when metamorphoses into juveniles. The inner wall color of tank is suspected to affect the survival of early larvae stage. The purpose of the study is to get suitable inner wall color of the tank to increase growth and survival rate. Eggs were harvested from FNC and stocked 20 eggs/L in 5 pieces of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic tanks, volume of 6 m 3 each. Treatments were: A. Gray, B. Blue, C. Yellow, D. Black, and E. White, 3 replication. Hatching rate of eggs at treatment (A) was 60.39%, blue (B) 76.64%, yellow (C) 61.74%, black (D) 71.08% and white (E) 69.19%. Daily observation of Yellowfin tuna larvae kept in blue, yellow and white inner wall tanks patched in the corner near the surface of the tank. While the larvae in the gray and black inner wall tanks distributed evenly either in the surface layer and water column. The survival rate of juvenile in black inner wall tank is better than other color treatments, although statistically does not significantly different.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan saluran dan sistem pencernaan pada larva ikan tuna sirip kuning Thunnus albacores (Bonnaterre, 1788). Sampel larva diambil setiap hari dari larva baru menetas (D-0) sampai D-13, dan selanjutnya dilakukan sampling pada D-15 dan D-20. Semua sampel di foto dengan program ACT-1 dan diproses secara histologi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan larva D-0 belum memiliki saluran pencernaan, mulut, dan mata belum terbuka. Pada D-1 saluran pencernaan mulai terbentuk, tetapi masih dalam bentuk tabung lurus. Mulut larva mulai terbuka pada D-2 (45 jam setelah menetas pada suhu air pemeliharaan 28°C). Kuning telur sudah diserap sepenuhnya pada D-3, saluran dan organ pencernaan seperti mulut, esofagus, lambung, ginjal, hati, pankreas, usus, rektum, dan anus sudah terbentuk. Pada D-5 mulai muncul mikro philli pada usus untuk mengabsorbsi nutrisi. Sel-sel penyusun hati, jantung, saluran pencernaan sudah tumbuh dan berkembang menyerupai organ ikan dewasa, ditandai adanya pakan dalam usus. Saluran dan sistem pencernaan telah berdiferensiasi menjadi organ dalam seperti pada ikan dewasa pada hari ke-6 (D-6) dan akan sempurna pada D-20 dengan TL ± 2 cm. Berdasarkan perkembangan pencernaan, maka pakan awal berupa rotifer sebaiknya diberikan pada hari ke-2 (43 jam setelah menetas pada suhu air 28°C).The aim of this study was to observe the development of tract and digestive system on yellowfin tuna larvae. Tuna larvae were collected daily from rearing tank at hatching day 0 (D-0) to 13 (D-13). Samples of larvae were selected at D-15 and D-20. All samples were observed under light microscopy, documented and then histologically processed. The results showed that the digestive tract began to form on the larvae at day-1 which was still in the form of a straight tube. The mouth of the larvae starts to open on D-2 (45 hours after hatching at a water temperature of 28°C). At D-3, the larvae’s yolk sac was fully absorbed, and its intestine contained a single type of food which was rotifer. The digestive tract and internal organs were formed such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, kidney, liver, pancreas, intestine, rectum, and anus which indicated that the larvae can eat and digest food. At D-5, microvilli began to develop in the intestine to absorb nutrients. The cells of the liver, heart, digestive tract had grown and evolved to resemble that of mature fish organs characterized by feed in the gut. The tract and digestive system have differentiated into internal organs such as in adult fish at D-6 and fully developed in D-20 with TL ± 2 cm. Based on the present finding, it is suggested that the initial feeding of tuna larvae using zooplankton (rotifer) could be done at day two (43 hours) post-hatching at a water temperature of 28°C.
ABSTRAKIkan tuna sirip kuning merupakan komoditas ekspor yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi yang populasinya semakin menurun di alam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Laut, Gondol dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa pemijahan ikan tuna sirip kuning yang dipelihara di dalam keramba jaring apung. Sebanyak 100 ekor induk ikan tuna dengan ukuran bobot sekitar 15-30 kg dipelihara dalam keramba sejak tahun 2014. Induk ikan diberi pakan berupa ikan layang dan cumi-cumi dengan rasio 2:1 dua kali sehari (pagi dan sore hari). Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi tingkah laku induk, pemijahan, dan keragaan telur yang dihasilkan, serta kualitas air terutama suhu dan oksigen dilakukan setiap hari. Induk ikan memijah untuk pertama kalinya terjadi pada tahun 2015. Selanjutnya pemijahan terjadi hampir setiap malam hari dengan jumlah telur yang dapat dikumpulkan berkisar 30.000-3.600.000 butir. Daya tetas telur yang diperoleh berkisar 26%-96%, dengan ketahanan hidup larva tanpa pakan (survival activity index-SAI) berkisar 0,1-3,8. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa induk ikan tuna sirip kuning umur dua tahun dapat memijah di keramba jaring apung dan menghasilkan performa pemijahan yang baik.
Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is one of the fish species that have important economic value which is expected to become one of foreign exchange that can give solution to national economy. Hatchery technology of yellowfin tuna performed at the Research Institute for Mariculture and Fisheries Extension Gondol has been successfully spawned. However, the quality and quantity of eggs produced is still not optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of spawning on yellowfin tuna broodstock reared in floating net. This research was conducted in cage with a diameter of 48.8 m with a depth of 8 m, filled 90 fishes yellow fin tuna with weights ranging between 50-70 kg per fish. Feed given is: fresh fish, squid and added vitamin C and vitamin E. The study was conducted for 11 months from January to November 2017.The results showed that the yellowfin tuna could spawn monthly. The highest spawning frequency occurred in July at 17 times. The highest total number of eggs harvested was 8,740,350 in October. Hatching rate between 50-92%. Survival activity index (SAI) is 1.8-3.5%. Survival rate of yellow fin tuna during maintenance reached 92.2%.
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