The authors prove the assumption that the linguo-cultural opposition ORDNUNG vs. CHAOS has a certain influence on the formation of such ethno-specific ambivalent emotion concepts (EC) SEHNSUCHT, FERNWEH AND HEIMWEH in the German linguo-culture. Due to the applied methodology (definitional and contextual analyses of EC names) it was established that the German chaos and metaphysical fear (ANGST) oppose a kind of "safety-cosiness quartet", which is represented by concepts SICHERHEIT, GEBORGENHEIT, GEMÜTLICHKEIT and ZUVERLÄSSIGKEIT. It was revealed that the universal principle of perception of the objective world ONE’S OWN vs. ALIEN serves as the basis for the opposition ORDNUNG vs. CHAOS and its derivative ANGST vs. SICHERHEIT & GEBORGENHEIT & GEMÜTLICHKEIT & ZUVERLÄSSIGKEIT. This principle caused "disruption" of the inner world of the German linguo-culture representatives because, on the one hand, they strive for a sense of safety, security, comfort, and stability, which generates "their own" world, but, on the other hand, they constantly try to go beyond the latter, since the "alien" world is associated not only with chaos and danger but also with new sensations and experience. Such an emotional "disruption" of the German people between metaphysical fear and a "safety-cosiness quartet", to some extent, gave rise to the ambivalence of the EC SEHNSUCHT, FERNWEH and HEIMWEH.

Recently, more and more urgently we can note the increased interest in the problems and features of the translation of folklore text. The authors of works associated with each year appear, explore the features and certain difficulties of translating folklore genres and folk tales, in particular, the difficulties associated with reproducing the national cultural background in translation, the difficulties associated with maintaining a special form of existence, difficulties associated with the display folklore thinking, the difficulties associated with symbolic translation of a folklore text into the language of the text of the host tradition. Authors-translators of folklore most often face the problem of conveying words that can denote concepts inherent only in the original culture, traditions of the language. These words include words-dialectisms, words-archaisms, and, first of all, realities. All these units have a national and cultural background. The author-translator must take into account the genre and style features of the translated text, preserve not only the content, but also the emotional-style, colored background and make it accessible for the process of understanding native speakers, the text is translated. An adequate translation of folklore elements and realities of Ukrainian folk tales is of particular importance when working with a folk tale. The purpose of the article is to establish the peculiarities of the translation of Ukrainian realities and the revealed universal characteristics of the fairytale text, which can be used as a reserve of translation matches when reproducing the folklore elements of Ukrainian folk tales into English. The research used the following methods: analysis of special, network and methodological literature, synthesis and structuring of data obtained in theoretical analysis. The article examines the well-known realities of the Ukrainian folk tale and analyzes their English translation correspondences. In the course of the research, it was found that the fabulous color is one of the key features of the Ukrainian folk tale. Manifestations of a fabulous color are variability in the translation of national traditions.

The paper is focused on the study of linguistic means of rendering lingual and cultural realia conveyed by allusions in English political speeches and their Ukrainian translation. It is argued that allusions are among those linguistic means which not only provide the factual information, but also carry nationallymarked load. The authors maintain that despite the presence of some fundamental studies devoted to structural and semantic aspects of allusions, the ways of preserving and reflecting certain lingual and cultural information in the Ukrainian translations of English texts, the issue of rendering this information conveyed by allusions in the texts of English (American) political speeches has not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aforementioned justifies the urgent character of the given research. The work aimed at determining the tactics and linguistic means of representing lingual and cultural realia in the texts of English inaugural speeches and their Ukrainian translations. The conducted study revealed that allusions in the analyzed texts render lingual and cultural information alluding to both textual and non-textual referents. The textual referents are represented by one’s own previous speeches, speeches of other politicians, biblical texts, folklore works, texts of state documents etc.; non-textual referents are the names of historical events, historical buildings, geographical features etc. The difficulty in preserving the lingual and cultural information in the translation can be justified by several factors, such as difficulties with identifying allusions in the text in case of non-nominated allusions as well as selection of the appropriate tactics of translation. The analysis proved that the linguistic and cultural information contained in allusions is mostly preserved in Ukrainian translations of the corresponding English-language texts of political speeches. Herewith, the kind of translation tactics and techniques depend on the type of the allusion — direct allusions are most commonly translated with the employment of transcription, transliteration, translation loans; indirect allusions — by means of contextual substitution, transposition, extension and omission.