No abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of financial performance, effectiveness, corporate growth on debt management in state-owned enterprises in the pharmaceutical sector period 2004 to 2016.The object of this research is state-owned pharmaceutical company. Financial performance with ROI, ROE and NPM as indicator, effectiveness with CR as indicator and company growth (GROWTH as indicator) is independent variable, while debt management with DAR as indicator. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with audited financial statement criteria and published from 2004 to 2016 and has a book year ended on 31 December. Earned 39 samples from 3 state-owned enterprises Pharmaceutical Sector.Data analysis techniques using PLS-SEM by testing outer and inner. Data is then processed with SmartPLS 3.0 software.The results obtained are the financial performance and effectiveness have a positive and significant influence on debt management while the growth of the company has no positive and significant influence on the management of debt in state-owned pharmaceutical secktor company. Keywords: Financial Performance, Effectiveness, Corporate Growth Profit Growth, Debt Management.

The electronic commerce is considered as a new concept, which is described as the process of product and service exchange in world-wide web, as well as, online information web. The use of e-commerce technology through internet helps people to expand the costumer’s need on offered product or service that eventually the customer does not have to go directly to the store (offline visiting). The objective of this research is to explore the impact of satisfaction, trust, and commitment on the customer loyalty in e-commerce, particularly Tokopedia online store. Through the approach of quantitative research method, this study collects the data from people who are from Makassar, Indonesia, especially those who are as the undergraduate students. The collection data phase of this study also distributes 150 questionnaires to the said students and there are 87 filled and returned questionnaires that meet the requirement to be analyzed further. For theoretical implication, this study denotes that the customer satisfaction, trust, and commitment simultaneously play important role on customer loyalty with the score is 25.3%, however, this study interestingly finds that there is insignificant effect and negative role of customer trust on customer loyalty through the partial statistical test. The managerial contribution is also described in the particular section of this study.

The international expansion process of firms has been the subject of many studies, nonetheless only Western firms have become the most discussed within the literature. Fewer studies have been done with an emphasis on Southeast Asian firms. Following this issue, this study aims to investigate the most suitable strategy as well as the best entrance modes for firms to internationalize and accordingly, to offer a strategy implementation guideline for firms to enter foreign markets successfully. As the research method prerequisite, this study applies the quantitative approach.  The key finding of this study indicates that there is a strong positive relationship between firms’ international expansion and foreign market entrance. Additionally, this study’s finding is also considered a useful guideline for the SME manager to internationalize or enter the foreign market, especially during the hits of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19; entry mode; international expansion; outdoor education;  SMEs.

The construction environment has the potential to cause health problems and accident, so an assessment is necessary. The most important stage in occupational health and safety is the assessment stage, where the risk point of each identified hazard is calculated, and whether the hazard level is acceptable or not. In this manuscript the writer tries to identify and provide an assessment of work accidents which is an attempt to analyze the risks that occur in a construction work. The method used is direct observation in the field as a first step to find out what variables will be included in the questionnaire which will be distributed to staff / workers in the construction project of the Stella Maris Hospital Makassar. The value of the questionnaire is then processed by the Fine method which is the reference in risk assessment. The results of this data processing show that work accidents are grouped based on their cause and occupational variables where of all the risks of work accidents, only two accident variables are categorized as substantial (has a risk value of 70-180), while the rest is in the moderate category (has a risk value of 20-70).