<p>Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produksi kapas dalam negeri adalah serangan serangga hama. Hama utama tanaman kapas adalah wereng kapas, <em>Amrasca biguttulla</em>. Pengendalian wereng kapas dengan pe-nyemprotan insektisida berakibat pada meningkatnya populasi penggerek buah. Pemanfaatan predator dan parasitoid wereng kapas merupakan solusi pengendalian yang tepat. Penggunaan atraktan untuk mening-katkan populasi predator dan parasitoid pada pertanaman kapas akan meningkatkan peran musuh alami sebagai faktor mortalitas biotik yang efektif. Ekstrak tanaman, terutama yang berupa minyak atsiri, telah banyak digunakan sebagai atraktan musuh alami, tetapi belum banyak yang menggunakannya sebagai atrak-tan musuh alami wereng kapas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ekstrak beberapa tanaman yang diduga dapat berfungsi sebagai atraktan bagi parasitoid telur dan predator wereng kapas di laboratorium dengan pengujian secara olfaktometri dan mengujinya di lapangan dengan menggunakan metode perangkap yang dilengkapi dispenser untuk atraktan. Pengujian di lapangan dilakukan pada pertanaman kapas. Ekstrak tanaman yang diuji adalah daun kapas yang telah terinfestasi oleh <em>A. biguttulla</em>, batang dan daun jagung, dan daun teh hitam (<em>Melalaeuca brachteata</em>) dengan menggunakan pelarut organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri dari ekstrak daun kapas yang terserang <em>A. biguttulla</em> dan daun teh hitam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai atraktan parasitoid telur wereng kapas. Parasitoid telur menunjukkan respon positif terhadap minyak atsiri dari ekstrak daun kapas yang terserang A. biguttulla dan daun teh hitam dalam uji olfaktometri di laboratorium. Pada uji lapangan, peningkatan populasi parasitoid dengan penam-bahan kedua atraktan tersebut dapat mencapai 176% dibandingkan kontrol. Minyak atsiri dari ekstrak tanaman yang diuji tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap predator jenis kumbang kubah, kumbang kembara, kepik mirid, dan sayap jala.</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The Use of Plant Extract for Attractant of Predators and Parasitoids of Cotton LeafhopperCotton production is restricted by pest attack. The key pest of cotton is cotton leafhopper,<em> Amrasca biguttula</em>. Aerial spray to control of this pest caused the increase of bollworm population. Therefore, the use of parasitoids and predators could be a proper method to control the leafhoppers. The use of attractant to in-crease predator and parasitoid population on cotton field would also increase the role of those natural enemies as an effective biotic mortality factor. Plant extracts, especially in the form of essential oils, have been used as attractants for the natural enemies; however attractant for natural enemies of cotton leafhopper has not been intensively developed. Therefore, this research aims were to evaluate some plant extracts that may function as an attractant for egg parasitoid and predators of cotton leafhopper in laboratory tests using olfactometry method, and also to test the effectiveness of the attractant in increasing population of parasi-toids and predators in cotton fields. The plant extracts were of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves, maize stalks and leaves, and <em>Melalaeuca brachteata</em> leaves, using organic solvents. Results showed that the essential oils of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves and black-tea tree leaves could be used as an attractant for the hopper egg parasitoids. The parasitoids showed positive response to the essential oils of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves and black-tea tree leaves in olfactometry tests. The use of those attractants in cotton fields increased parasitoid population by 179% compared to the control. Essential oils of the tested pants did not have any effect on predators, such as ladybird beetles, staphylinid beetles, mirid bugs, as well as lacewings.</p><p>Keywords: Essential oils, attractant, parasitoid, predator, cotton leafhopper.</p>
<p>ABSTRACT<br />Scirpophaga excerptalis W alker shoot borers is one of the major pests of sugarcane. The p lants at tacked by this pests wil l dec rease in yield, productivity, and sugar c rystal. The experiment was conducted at the experimental station, in Muktiharjo, Pati fr om January to May 201 3. The aims of the experiment was to determine the coverity of S. excerptalis s hoot borers a ttack on three su garcane cropping systems of (S. officinarum L.). The treatment co nsisted of thr ee cro pping systems: 1) single row, 2) wide double row, and 3) narrow double row. Treatments arranged in a randomized complate block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the use of wide double row cropping systems can increase shoot borers attack S. excerptalis, higher than the other cropping systems. Based on this research result, it is recommended to select planting system that can increase plant population but not to decrease intensity of light. From this, wide double row is selected.<br />Keyword: Top borers, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walke, Saccharum officinarum L., planting system.</p><p> </p><p>SERANGAN PENGGEREK PUCUK Scirpophaga excerptalis WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE) PADA TIGA SISTEM TANAM TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.)</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Salah satu jenis hama utama tanaman tebu adalah penggerek pucuk Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker. Serangan hama tersebut pada pertanaman tebu dapat menurunkan produktivitas, rendemen dan hasil hablurnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Muktiharjo, Pati mulai bulan Januari sampai dengan Mei 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan penggerek pucuk S. excerptalis pada tiga sistem tanam tebu (S. officinarum). Perlakuan terdiri atas 3 sistem tanam, yaitu 1) juring tunggal, 2) juring ganda rapat, dan 3) juring ganda lebar, disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dan diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan juring ganda rapat pada sistem tanam tebu dapat meningkatkan serangan penggerek pucuk S. excerptalis lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan juring ganda lebar dan juring tunggal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut disarankan untuk memilih sistem tanam yang dapat meningkatkan populasi tanaman tetapi tidak menurunkan intensitas cahaya yang masuk. Pada hasil penelitian ini, sistem tanam yang dipilih adalah juring ganda lebar.<br />Kata kunci: Penggerek pucuk, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker, Saccharum officinarum L., sistem tanam<br /><br /></p>
<p>Penelitian evaluasi ketahanan beberapa aksesi jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) terhadap hama Helopeltis antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae) telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (BALITTRO) Bogor, mulai bulan April sampai Desember 2004, bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan beberapa aksesi jambu mete terhadap H antonii. Perlakuan tcrdiri atas sembilan aksesi jambu mete, yaitu (1) Balakrisnan (B-02), (2) Madura (L3-3), (3) Jatiroto Jambon (III/4-5), (4) Gunung Gangsir 180, (5) Madura (M4-2), (6) Jogya Putih (XII/8), (7) Mojoketo (XIII/8), (8) Tegineneng (A3-2), dan (9) Wonogiri (C6-5). Penelitian terdiri atas (a) preferensi tanpa pilihan, disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang 5 kali, dan (b) preferensi dengan pilihan, disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jambu mete aksesi Mojokerto (XIII-8) dan Balakrisnan (B-02) merupakan aksesi jambu mete tahan dan toleran terhadap hama //. antonii.</p><p>Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, ketahanan, hama, Helopeltis antonii</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>The evaluation of resistances of some cashew lines (Anacardium occidentale I,.) to Helopeltis Antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae)</strong></p><p>The research on the evaluation of resistances of some cashew lines (Anacardium occidentale L.) to Helopeltis antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae) was conducted in the Pest and Diseases Laboratory and Green House Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute Bogor, from April to December 2004, to test the resistances of some cashew lines to H. antonii. The treatment consisted of nine cashew lines that is, (1) Balakisnan (B-02), (2) Madura (L3-3), (3) Jatiroto Jambon (I1I/4-5), (4) Gunung Gangsir 180, (5) Madura (M4-2), (6) Jogya Putih (XII/8), (7) Mojokerto (XIII/8), (8) Tegineneng (A3-2), and (9) Wonogiri (C6-5). The research consisted of, (a) preferences without choice, compiled in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) replicated 5 times, and (b) preferences with choice, compiled in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) replicated 3 times. The result indicated that cashew lines of Mojoketo (XIII-8) and Balakrisnan (B-02) were resistant and tolerant to H. antonii.</p><p>Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., resistance, pest. Helopeltis antonii</p>
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