This paper investigates the effect of market structure, including some bank-specific variables and macroeconomic conditions, on the profitability of Indonesian Islamic rural banks. We apply the structure conduct performance (SCP) and the relative market power (RMP) hypothesis. Panel data comprising 142 Islamic rural banks from 2013Q1 to 2018Q4 are employed. This study breaks them apart, associated with the level of economic development consisting of Java as developed regions and outside Java as less developed regions. This study employs static and dynamic panel regression. The GMM method, however, is appropriate because of the dynamic nature of profitability. Our results confirm the SCP hypothesis and fail to support the RMP hypothesis. The higher market concentration allows Islamic rural banks to generate a significantly higher profit by conducting a collusive strategy. More interestingly, the collusive behavior may result in more profit for Islamic rural banks located in the developed regions than those in less developed regions. Evidence also highlights the importance of operating efficiency and impaired financing on profitability. High operating efficiency and low impaired financing can improve profit. Our results suggest that capitalizing market share by improving efficiency and optimizing financing contracts between PLS and non-PLS contracts also improve profit.

Purpose – This study aims to determine the effect of attitudes, subjective norms, institutional zakat systems, and government support in influencing the interest of entrepreneurs in paying zakat. Methodology – There are 140 respondents in this research from 6 big cities in Java, such as Jakarta, Serang, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya. This research uses the Partial Least-Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis technique with the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model. Finding – The findings reveal that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived zakat institutions affect entrepreneurs' interest in paying zakat. Meanwhile, perceived government support does not affect entrepreneurs to pay zakat.Implications – Zakat institutions need to regularly involve Muslim entrepreneur organizations in zakat management programs so that perceptions about zakat institutions and the role of government in improving zakat management can increase the motivation of entrepreneurs to pay zakat.Originality – There has been no previous research including perceived zakat institutions and perceived government support as variables influencing entrepreneurs' intention to pay zakat in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the potential of creative industries for people with disabilities in Yogyakarta. By gathering data from small and medium industries (IKM), creative industries, documents, interviews, and using qualitative description approach as a method of analysis, this research finds at least five important results. Firstly, people with deaf-mute condition and physical disability can work on all types of creative industries, but mental disability and mental-physical disability can only work on certain types of industry. Secondly, craft industry is the most widely sector for people with disabilities to earn more income. Thirdly, Bantul and Gunungkidul provide many jobs opportunities in creative industries compared to other districts. Fourthly, the potential of disabled people to work in creative industries decreases from 2014 to 2015 except for Yogyakarta City. The last one, job opportunity for people with disabilities may potentially be increased by expanding the type of business in Yogyakarta.

Human capital investment such as access to education and better nutrition has been considered as one of the way for poor households to avoid intergenerational poverty. Better education and nutrition for children will improve productivity in the future. Some programs related to poverty reduction has launched by the Government of Indonesia to guarantee children from poor families to easily access education and receive better nutrition and health care. However, there is no program targeting single mother household. This paper presents the effect of single mother on children well-being and education attainment. We use data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) and take specific variables such as parent marital status, per capita expenditure, access to health and education facilities, and children test scores. Byusing Structural Equation Model (SEM) and comparing the effects of divorced single-mother families and widowed single-mother families on boys and girls well-being, we find that divorce and larger household size appear to increase household poverty. In the second part of the equation, higher poverty proving to be decreasing the children's educational attainment. JEL classification: D19, I00, J12