RESUMO -Para avaliar a possibilidade de descarte de variáveis de produção em 942 aves de postura por meio de componentes principais, visando eliminar características redundantes e de difícil mensuração, foram utilizados os dados obtidos Principal component analysis in laying hen production traitsABSTRACT -To assess the possibility of discarding production variables in 942 laying hens by principle component analysis to eliminate unnecessary and difficult to measure characteristics, data were obtained from laying hen lines of the genetic breeding program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The traits analyzed were egg production rate (TP) from the 26 th to the 58 th week, individual mean weight at the 34 th (PMI 1 ), 42 th (PMI 2 ), 50 th (PMI 3 ), 58 th (PMI 4 ) and 66 th week (PMI 5 ); egg mean weight at the the 34 th (PMO 1 ), 42 nd (PMO 2 ), 50 th (PMO 3 ), 58 th (PMO 4 ) and 66 th weeks of age (PMO 5 ).Eight of the 11 principal components showed variance lower than 0.7 (eigenvalue lower than 0.7), suggesting 8 variables to discard. The discarded variables were those that showed the highest coefficients, in absolute value, from the last principal component because variables highly correlated with the principal components of smaller variance represent practically insignificant variation. The discarded variables presented significant simple linear correlation with the others, therefore, they were redundant. Based on these results, the following variables are recommended for use in future experiments: TP, PMI 1 , PMO 4 .

RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a divergência genética de três linhagens de matrizes de corte do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da UFV. Foram avaliados dados de 270 aves, 90 de cada linhagem, para estudo das características dias para o primeiro ovo (DPPO), taxa de postura da 22 a à 56 a semana (TP), peso médio individual na 32 a (PMI1), 40 a (PMI2), 48 a (PMI3), 56 a (PMI4) e 64 a semanas de idade (PMI5); e peso médio do ovo, obtido pela média da pesagem de três ovos na 32 a (PMO1), 40 a (PMO2), 48 a (PMO3), 56 a (PMO4) e 64 a semanas de idade (PMO5). Para avaliar a divergência, foram utilizados dois métodos: hierárquico do vizinho mais próximo e otimização de Tocher. Pelo método hierárquico do vizinho mais próximo, utilizando-se a distância de Mahalanobis ao quadrado (D 2 ) como medida de dissimilaridade, formou-se um único grupo. Pelo método de otimização de Tocher, foram formados dois grupos, comprovando que os dois métodos foram discordantes na avaliação da divergência genética de linhas de aves de corte. As características que apresentaram as contribuições relativas mais expressivas para a divergência foram, respectivamente, PMO1 (25,71%), DDPO (21,76%), PMI4 (17,65%) e PMI2 (13,04%). Palavras-chave: distância de Mahalanobis, frango de corte, método de otimização de Toucher, método do vizinho mais próximoGenetic divergence in meat-type hens using cluster analysis ABSTRACT -Genetic divergence among three lineages of meat-type hens from the Genetic Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa was evaluated for the following traits: days at first egg (DPPO), egg production rate (TP) from 22 nd to 56 th week, body weight on the 32 nd (PMI1), on 40 th (PMI2), at 48 th (PMI3), at 56 th (PMI4) and at the 64 th week (PMI5), egg weight on the 32 nd (PMO1), on 40 th (PMO2), at 48 th (PMO3), at 56 th (PMO4) and at the 64 th week (PMO5). Traits were measured on 270 hens (90 of each lineage) and two different methods were used to evaluate genetic divergence. For the single linkage hierarchical method, using the squared Mahalanobis distance (D 2 ) as the dissimilarity measure, only one single group was formed. When using Tocher's optimization method, two groups were formed, thus indicating a disagreement between the results of the two methods. PMO1 (25.71%), DDPO (21.76%), PMI4 (17.65%) e PMI2 (13.04%) were the traits with the most expressive relative contributions to genetic divergence among the lineages.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of lactating Saanen dairy goats housed with or without the use of environmental enrichment technique. Twelve animals were split into two equal groups and assign to one of two treatments: stall with or without enrichment. Five objects were used to enrich the stalls: plastic PET bottles suspended and freely on the floor (both filled with corn as a visual and auditory stimuli), general cleaning brushes fixed to the wall of the stall, suspended tire, and a tree trunk for climbing. The behavior of the goats was observed during two hours for 10 consecutive days. The behaviors were recorded using focal-animal sampling method, observing each animal during 10minute period. Descriptive statistics were calculated plotting the results in behavior frequency charts. Animals on both treatments showed similar behaviors frequencies for food intake and self-cleaning. However, a higher frequency of stereotyped behaviors was registered in the treatment without environmental enrichment. The highest frequency of interaction was observed for suspended tire, indicating animal's preference for this object. In conclusion, animals on enriched environment show more different behaviors than animals in non-enriched environment and showed greater preference for some object over others.

Environmental issues continue to be on a growing agenda around the world. A large part of the global concerns is focused on the Amazon, even though it leaves aside almost the entire human contingent that inhabits that space. Except for the Indians. They disregard that many of the harmful environmental impacts are practiced by family farmers because fire is their greatest technology and, in many cases, the only one. Therefore, the management of this territory must create mechanisms and instruments capable of promoting the region's sustainable development, bringing together environmental and social interests, which only can be done through laws. The Rural Environmental Registry (CAR, acronym in Portuguese) aims to implement sustainable public policies. Thus, this literature review study aims to show CAR's contribution to family farmers operating in the State of Amazonas from a legal and environmental point of view. The results show that a) it is necessary to know the main legal aspects of the CAR to understand its environmental importance, b) knowing each of the steps in the preparation of the registry allows this instrument to fulfill its environmental mission as a result of legal discipline, c) the simplification of the regime granted to family farmers and similar populations allows the legal requirements to be fulfilled by this essential human contingent in the Amazon and d) the rigorous execution of the CAR allowed for several conflicts of overlapping rural areas to be resolved, which benefited family farmers and populations equivalent, pioneers in these areas. The conclusion states that implementing the Brazilian forest code is essential for family farming agribusiness, requiring technical support. The CAR emerges as a fundamental instrument.

II Características quantitativas em matrizes de codorna de corte através de análises multicaracterística Quantitative traits in meat-type quail through two-trait analysisRecebido para publicação 13.02. (P0, P7, P14, P21, P28, P35, P42, P77, P112 and P147), average egg weight (POM1, POM2, and POM3 POM4), average weight of the shell ( PCM1, pcm2, and PCM3 PCM4), average weight of yolk (PGM1, PGM2, and PGM3 PGM4), weight of albumen (PAM1, PAM2, and PAM3 PAM4), average egg specific gravity (DM1, DM2, DM3 and DM4 ), average width of the egg (LOM1, LOM2, and LOM3 LOM4), average length of egg (COM1, COM2, COM3 and COM4), eggs (N1, N2, N3 and N4), total egg production (TXT) and age at first egg (IDPO). For the group of genetic UFV1, an increase in weight of birds may result in an early and that IDPO to select for increased body weight of birds does not result in significant losses in egg quality. As for UFV2, a selection made at 35 days can identify the most weight matrices throughout the production cycle, and do not generate large losses in total egg production.