The problem of adaptation of first-year students is a topical issue of higher education institutions. Adaptation of students is a rather complex and long process that lasts during all years of study in a higher education institution, but the most important and problematic period is the period of study in the first year. One of the important criteria for the adaptation of freshmen to the conditions of stay and the learning process in higher education is their health. The stronger the health of students, the more successful their adaptation. The article presents the deteriorating health of first-year students; interpretation of the concept of «adaptation»; various forms (types) of adaptation of student's youth are considered; factors influencing the adaptation process; difficulties in adapting freshmen. Independent physical education and sports in extracurricular time contribute to the more successful adaptation of freshmen to the learning process. The article considers the most common forms of independent physical education classes among students. Adaptation takes place during all years of study, but the most important and problematic period is the period of study in the first year. Admission to free economic education is determined by changes in the living conditions of students, leads to the destruction of previously developed habits, skills, values ​​of former high school students, partial or complete loss of relationships with former classmates and more. There are several (types) of forms of adaptation: formal adaptation, refers to the cognitive and informational adaptation of students to the new environment, to the structure of higher education, to the requirements and their obligations; social adaptation – the process of internal integration of groups of first-year students and the integration of these groups with the student environment as a whole; didactic adaptation, concerns the preparation of students for new forms and methods of educational work in higher education.

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Children's low vision is one of the world's pressing health problems. The problem of myopia is due to its prevalence among different groups of the population, the high incidence of young people. Myopia is one of the main causes of myopia and disability in patients of this nosological group, which occupies a leading place among human visual pathologies. The article considers the possibilities of correcting the psycho-emotional state of children with myopia by swimming, the study of the impact of these tools on the psycho-emotional state of students with myopia (development of methods for correcting psycho-emotional state, which promotes proper use of exercise in classes with children with myopia). The main theoretical problem of corrective swimming of children with myopia was to substantiate the specifics of the content, means and methods of corrective action, which, in contrast to general didactic principles of teaching, based on understanding the structure of the primary defect and the peculiarity of development of visual impairment in order to increase the psycho-emotional state of visually impaired children of primary school age. The need for corrective work in the process of swimming was confirmed throughout the study. The process of teaching swimming to children with myopia, which depended on a number of conditions (creating comfort for visual functions, correct construction of training taking into account the characteristics of children with myopia, individual-differentiated approach, providing a positive emotional attitude to classes, taking into account the child's health) development of physical, psychomotor and intellectual abilities of children and adjusted a number of psychohygienic and psychophysical processes, as well as provided a high level of physical and mental health of children with myopia.

Aim: The objective of the research is the elaboration and the scientific justification of the methodology of the development of physical qualities of junior school children via the method of action-oriented games. materials and methods: The methodology of the research is based on the usage of the theoretical, pedagogical, medical and biological methods, the method of monitoring of the steps and chronometry. The research was attended by the students of the 3rd and 4th year at Poltava general education school No22 of 1-3 degrees. Results: The particularity of the elaborated method of the development of physical qualities is the application of physical exercises and action-oriented games in the course of physical education. The results of the experiment showed that the students from the experimental group had a significantly better level of physical qualities in the course of verification and experience slight fatigue in the course of action-oriented games. 79% out of 100% of the students of the experimental group experienced no difficulties in the course of execution of physical engagement during action-oriented games. Conclusions: According to the analysis and summarization of the information from literature sources, it was discovered that physical qualities are the show of the motional capabilities of a child. Active motional activity leads to faster, but more importantly – to more harmonic maturing of morphological and functional systems of a student.