This article presents a research perspective that aims to explore religion as a basis for the construction of psychological knowledge. It is assumed that religious doctrine and practice have access to contents that pertain to local forms of human mental life. Taking into account the presuppositions of indigenous psychology has resulted in a proposal to extend scope of current academic psychology and combine knowledge provided by national/ethnic psychologies that are not identical to Occidental psychology. We propose ways of using the religious conception of soul and of religious rites of passage that correspond with real psychology and subjective understanding of humanity to reconstruct a local perception of human development. The pre-Christian religion of the Slavs will be used as an example.
Public Significance StatementThis study presents the role of religion as a basis of psychological knowledge construction in the paradigm of indigenous (local) psychology, which is shown using pre-Christian Slavic religion as an example. It aims to enhance the understanding of human beings in their cultural context treated as the most adequate frame of psychological functioning descriptions.
The present article provides an introduction to the new history of psychology within the framework of critical perspective while offering some methodological solutions for contemporary historical research in psychology. We propose a new model of research for conducting studies in the history of psychology. This approach is predominantly concerned with reconstructing crypto thought styles, acknowledging the existence of peripheral sources of knowledge about human psychological life, and revealing hidden lines of inquiry, which will be presented using a contextual approach to the history of psychology. In this analysis, psychological knowledge will be treated as a product of social activities that occur un-der specific historical conditions and define the scope of psychological research. The proposed to examine history of psychology and investigative practice in a specific context will allow for deeper insight into the world’s history of psychology and provide new methods for studying psychological schools of thought and ideas established on the periphery of mainstream psychology. Finally, we offer words of encouragement for scholars engaging in a context-specific study of psychological thought and efforts made towards grasping the reality of a local soul.
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jak wychowanie religijne, którego doświadczył B. F. Skinner, zmieniło jego postrzeganie człowieka i świata, a w ostateczności wpłynęło na porzucenie przez niego wiary i skierowało go na ścieżkę radykalnego behawioryzmu. Analiza dostępnej literatury wykazuje, że różnica w poglądach przeciwników Skinnera (Joseph Wood Krutch, Tomasz Szasz, Ayn Rand) oraz jego sojuszników (Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris) polega na ich odmiennym wychowaniu i złożonych życiowych doświadczeniach. Powiązane z tym przekonania wpłynęły na pojmowanie przez nich duchowości czy wolnej woli.
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue examinar la asociación entre la felicidad y el malestar en los grupos analizados con la identidad étnica, en grupo de estudiantes universitarios (Brasil, Portugal y Polonia). Se aplicaron los siguientes cuestionarios: Identidad Étnica-MEIM, Salud, Depresión y Felicidad. Los datos muestran que los estudiantes brasileños en particular fueron el grupo donde se encontraron más relaciones entre la identidad étnica y el bienestar. Los estudiantes europeos (portugueses y polacos) han mostrado una asociación significativa entre la actitud positiva y su sentido de pertenencia étnica con una mejor calidad de vida y menos malestar. Estos resultados son importantes porque confirman la idea básica de la identidad social fuerte como un aspecto de felicidad y menos angustia; y discuten la intervención práctica dirigida hacia la identidad étnica.
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