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Key words:Colorectal cancer. Infl ammatory bowel disease. Probiotics. Intestinal microbiota. Immune system. Palabras clave:Cáncer colorrectal. Enfermedad infl amatoria intestinal. Probióticos. Microbiota intestinal. Sistema inmune. ResumenEntre las neoplasias, el cáncer colorrectal es una de las principales causas de muerte por cáncer en hombres y mujeres. El aumento de la incidencia de este tipo de cáncer es debido al aumento de la esperanza de vida de la población y al aumento de las enfermedades infl amatorias crónicas del intestino, colitis ulcerosa y principalmente la enfermedad de Crohn, así como el cambio en los hábitos alimenticios. La American Cancer Society (2011) muestra que la dieta podría ser responsable de aproximadamente el 30% de los casos de cáncer en los países desarrollados; por otra parte, cuando se considera solo el cáncer colorrectal, el número puede ser del 30% al 50%. Los probióticos son efi caces en la prevención y el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades intestinales como la enfermedad infl amatoria del intestino (IBD), la diarrea, el síndrome del intestino irritable, la intolerancia al gluten, la gastroenteritis, la infección por Helicobacter pylori y el cáncer de colon. Ejemplos clásicos son cepas de los géneros Lactobacillus y Bifi dobacterium que tienen propiedades probióticas con un uso potencial en la profi laxis, así como en el tratamiento de una variedad de trastornos del tracto gastrointestinal. Los investigadores se están centrando en estudios muy importantes relacionados con la posibilidad de que el uso de probióticos pueda promover una composición de la microbiota equilibrada, y un sistema de vigilancia inmunológica sufi ciente como una forma de prevenir el cáncer. Teniendo en cuenta el hecho de que en los intestinos humanos viven 100 billones de bacterias, incluyendo más de 1.000 especies, todavía hay necesidad de realizar más investigaciones en profundidad con el fi n de encontrar probióticos con potencial para prevenir y tratar enfermedades cancerosas, añadiendo un efecto muy prometedor a este ya exitoso panorama. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de los estudios más recientes que relacionan los probióticos y su potencial con la prevención y el tratamiento del cáncer. AbstractAmong the neoplasias, colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men and women. The increasing incidence of this type of cancer is due to the increase in the population's life expectancy, by the increase in chronic infl ammatory bowel diseases, primarily ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and the change in eating habits. The American Cancer Society (2011) shows that diet might be responsible for approximately 30% of cancer cases in developed countries, moreover when considering only colorectal cancer, the number can reach 30% to 50%. Probiotics are effective in the prevention and treatment of many bowel diseases as infl ammatory bowel disease (IBD), diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, gluten intolerance, gastroenteritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, an...

RESUMOO Rio Grande do Sul é um dos maiores produtores de leite do país e o Vale do Taquari contribui com aproximadamente 7% da produção do estado. O queijo e a ricota são alguns dos principais derivados do leite produzidos na região, que geram nos seus processos de fabricação quantidades elevadas de soros de queijo e de ricota, respectivamente. Por sua elevada carga orgânica, estes soros devem ser tratados antes do lançamento em corpos hídricos. No entanto, estudos indicam que esses subprodutos podem ser reaproveitados. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as características físico-químicas de soros de queijo e de ricota coletados em uma indústria de laticínios do Vale do Taquari visando ao aproveitamento na elaboração de novos produtos alimentícios. As amostras foram submetidas às determinações de acidez, pH, cinzas, umidade, proteínas, gordura, demanda química de oxigênio, carbono e nitrogênio total e lactose. Os parâmetros avaliados apresentaram variações, provavelmente em função dos soros serem provenientes de processos de fabricação de diferentes tipos de queijo e de ricota. Além disso, o soro de queijo apresentou maior carga orgânica. As concentrações de proteínas e lactose dos soros indicam que estes podem ser reaproveitados no desenvolvimento de novos produtos e processos. Palavras-chave:Leite. Derivados Lácteos. Subprodutos. ABSTRACTThe Rio Grande do Sul is one of the largest milk producers in the country and Taquari Valley contributes about 7% of the state production. Cheese and ricotta are some of the major dairy products produced in the region, which generate in their manufacturing processes large amounts of cheese whey and ricotta whey, respectively. Because of the high organic load they should be treated before being released into water bodies. However, studies indicate that these by-products can be reused. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of ricotta and cheese whey collected in a dairy industry in the Taquari Valley in order to use it in the development of new food products. The samples were processed for determination of acidity, pH, ash, moisture, protein, fat, chemical oxygen demand, total carbon and nitrogen, and lactose. The parameters showed variations, probably because the whey was from the manufacturing processes of different types of cheese and ricotta. Furthermore, the cheese whey showed a higher organic load. The protein and lactose

In this study, we isolated Lactobacillus spp. from bovine raw milk and artisanal cheese from southern Brazil, and evaluated their technological and probiotic potential to select new isolates for producing healthy fermented dairy foods with differentiated tastes and flavours. We obtained 48 new lactobacilli isolates, which were isolated from raw milk (38) and cheese (10). These bacterial isolates were closely related with ten species: Lactobacillus paracasei (50% of the isolates), L. parabuchneri (15%), L. pentosus (13%), L. zeae (4%), L. plantarum (4%), L. otakiensis (4%), L. casei (4%), L. harbinensis (2%), L. diolivorans (2%), and L. rhamnosus (2%). Isolates CH112 and CH131 showed the greatest acidification potential, reducing the pH of milk to below 5.3 after incubation for 6 h at 32 °C. Considering proteolytic activity and diacetyl production, isolates ML88a, ML04, and ML12 showed the most promising results. Isolate ML12 showed 100% survival rate when inoculated in gastric juice at pH 2.5. The evaluation of antibacterial activity of the lactobacilli showed that the pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhimurium were strongly inhibited by the pure lactobacilli cultures. Five Lactobacillus isolates (ML01, ML04, ML12, ML88, and CH139) showed both technological and probiotic characteristics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to investigate correlations among technological and probiotic characteristics, and identified new promising lactobacilli isolates for exploring their characteristics. This study reveals the importance of selecting new microorganisms with potential applicability in the food industry for developing functional foods with differentiated aromas and flavours. Keyword Brazil. Fermented dairy foods. Functional foods. Lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacilli isolates. Starter culture.

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